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some studies show a higher risk of burnout in residents vs other categories&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;7</span></a> Among the risk factors described for developinh burnout in residents&#44; excessive workload and lack of free time to the detriment of study hours have been reported&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the above-mentioned described risk factors are framed within a concept&#58; professional quality of life &#40;PQoL&#41;&#44; which could be defined as the balance between work demands and the ability to meet the needs of other areas of life&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> a balance that&#44; if disrupted toward work-related stress&#44; would easily lead to burnout syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;11</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the available literature on burnout in the medical field has been growing&#44; most researches approach this syndrome as an outcome variable&#44; without evaluating its association with other psychiatric comorbidities&#44; such as anxiety or depression&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> These entities often coexist&#44; potentially feeding into each other and aggravating the symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> A harmful work environment and occupational stress&#44; classically related to burnout&#44; may act by inducing or aggravating mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression&#44; in a continuum in which burnout syndrome appears to mediate&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> while at the same time&#44; these psychiatric conditions are considered independent clinical entities by the 11<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> version of the International Classification of Diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Against some predictions&#44; dermatology has shown not to be free from the threat of burnout&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;16</span></a> and requires deeper studies into the main risk factors identified in the working environment&#44; as well as studies analyzing the psychiatric comorbidity associated with burnout in dermatologists and a specific analysis of the prevalence of professional exhaustion in the highest-risk category within medical practice&#58; residents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;17</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the absence of studies in our environment on these issues&#44; we designed cross-sectional study to identify the prevalence of burnout among Spanish dermatology residents&#44; the associated risk factors&#44; and its association with anxiety and depression&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Design</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We designed a cross-sectional study&#44; including doctors currently undergoing dermatology residency in Spain&#44; to whom a self-administered form was sent via online instant messaging applications &#40;internal communication service of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology&#41; from December 2022 through June 2023&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Endpoints</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary endpoints were to assess the professional quality of life and prevalence of anxiety&#44; depression&#44; and burnout among dermatology residents&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Secondary endpoints were to analyze the risk factors associated with anxiety&#44; depression&#44; and burnout&#44; and assess the association between burnout and anxiety and depression syndromes in dermatology residents&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Inclusion and exclusion criteria</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inclusion criteria were being a dermatology resident and practicing in Spain during the study period&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exclusion criteria were refusal to participate in the study&#44; submission of the questionnaire more than once&#44; or incomplete submission&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Measurement instruments</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The self-administered form includes several sociodemographic and work-related variables&#44; as well as validated scales for the evaluation and diagnosis of the variables of interest&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate PQoL&#44; the Professional Quality of Life-35 &#40;PQoL-35&#41; questionnaire was used&#44; validated in Spanish for its application to physicians&#8212;residents included&#8212;and for online administration purposes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a> The PQoL-35 scale evaluates PQoL across 35 questions rated from 0 to 10&#44; grouped into 3 domains&#58; workload&#44; managerial support&#44; and intrinsic motivation&#46; Question &#35;34 is an independent question assessing overall work-life quality&#46; The score given to each question can be classified as follows&#58; &#8220;nothing&#8221; &#40;values 1 and 2&#41;&#44; &#8220;somewhat&#8221; &#40;values 3&#44; 4&#44; and 5&#41;&#44; &#8220;quite a lot&#8221; &#40;values 6&#44; 7&#44; and 8&#41;&#44; and &#8220;very much&#8221; &#40;values 9 and 10&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To evaluate burnout and its different domains&#44; the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey &#40;MBI-HSS&#41; was used&#44; also validated for use in Spanish and physicians&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> The MBI-HSS consists of 22 items using a 7-point Likert scale where a response of 1 indicates no disorder and a score of 7 indicates the maximum intensity of burnout symptoms&#46; The different questions are structured within the domains of emotional exhaustion&#44; depersonalization&#44; and derealization&#46; MBI-HSS scores are considered low between 1 and 33&#44; medium between 34 and 66&#44; and high between 67 and 69&#46; Although there are no actual cutoff scores&#44; it is also accepted that high scores in emotional exhaustion &#40;&#8805; 26&#41; and depersonalization &#40;&#8805; 9&#41; and low in derealization &#40;&#8804; 34&#41; define burnout&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale &#40;HADS&#41;&#44; which has a validated version in Spanish&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> The HADS scale comprises 17 Likert-type questions that progressively assess symptom intensity&#44; with scores ranging from 0 to 3&#46; Seven of these questions evaluate the presence of anxiety&#44; and 7 the presence of depression&#46; The sum of the scores obtained is interpreted as follows&#58; no clinical relevance &#40;0&#8211;7&#41;&#44; mild anxiety&#47;depression &#40;8&#8211;10&#41;&#44; moderate anxiety&#47;depression &#40;11&#8211;15&#41;&#44; severe anxiety&#47;depression &#40;16&#8211;21&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the characteristics of the sample&#46; The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the variables&#46; Continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation&#44; and qualitative ones as distributions of relative and absolute frequencies&#46; The chi-square test or Fisher&#39;s exact test&#44; as appropriate&#44; was used to compare nominal variables&#44; while the Student&#39;s t-test&#44; or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test were used to make comparisons between nominal and continuous data&#46; In case of multiple comparisons&#44; a first association analysis was performed using ANOVA&#44; with a subsequent post-hoc correction using Tukey&#39;s HSD statistic in case of statistical significance&#46; To explore possible associated factors&#44; simple linear regression was used for continuous variables&#46; The Beta coefficient and standard deviation were used to predict the logarithmic probabilities of the dependent variable&#46; Statistical significance was considered if p-values were &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46; Statistical analyses were performed using JMP version 14&#46;1&#46;0 &#40;SAS Institute&#44; Cary&#44; NC&#44; United States&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Descriptive study of the sample</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 48 dermatology residents were included in the study&#44; with 50&#37; &#40;24&#47;48&#41; being women&#44; and a mean age of 27 &#40;1&#46;25&#41; years&#46; A total of 54&#46;16&#37; of participants were in their second year of residency &#40;26&#47;48&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall work-life quality obtained a mean score of 6&#46;36 &#40;1&#46;96&#41;&#46; For each domain of the PQoL-35 scale&#44; the scores were&#58; managerial support&#44; 5&#46;91 &#40;1&#46;4&#44; &#8220;somewhat&#8221; supportive&#41;&#59; workload&#44; 6&#46;28 &#40;1&#46;2&#44; &#8220;quite a lot&#8221; of workload&#41;&#59; and intrinsic motivation&#44; 7&#46;59 &#40;1&#46;2&#44; &#8220;quite a lot&#8221; of motivation&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the anxiety domain of HADS&#44; the mean score was 8&#46;5 &#40;4&#46;9&#41;&#59; 58&#46;33&#37; &#40;28&#47;48&#41; of participants had some degree of anxiety&#59; 20&#46;83&#37;&#44; mild anxiety &#40;10&#47;48&#41;&#59; 31&#46;25&#37;&#44; moderate anxiety &#40;15&#47;48&#41;&#59; and 6&#46;25&#37;&#44; severe anxiety &#40;3&#47;48&#41;&#46; Depression had a mean score of 4&#46;46 &#40;3&#46;7&#41; and was present in 22&#46;9&#37; &#40;11&#47;48&#41; of residents&#59; 14&#46;58&#37; &#40;7&#47;48&#41; exhibited mild depression and 8&#46;33&#37; &#40;4&#47;48&#41;&#44; moderate depression&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Burnout syndrome&#44; assessed using the MBI-HSS&#44; obtained a global score of 10&#46;5 &#40;2&#46;8&#41;&#46; A total of 23&#46;4&#37; of the residents had a moderate risk of burnout &#40;11&#47;48&#41;&#44; while the rest were categorized as low-risk residents&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The remaining descriptive study variables are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Risk factors for anxiety in dermatology residents</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A statistically significant negative correlation with age was found&#44; which remained independent in the multivariable analysis &#40;Beta<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;1&#46;4&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Other sociodemographic variables&#44; such as sex or the residency year did not show an association with anxiety&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding PQoL&#44; a higher workload was associated with a greater risk of anxiety in the multivariable analysis &#40;Beta<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;5&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Although managerial support and intrinsic motivation showed an inverse association with anxiety in the univariate analysis&#44; they did not remain independent&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Risk factors for depression in dermatology residents</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No sociodemographic variables were identified as associated with a higher risk of depression in the sample&#46; However&#44; regarding PQoL&#44; an independent positive correlation was found between workload and the depression score on the HADS scale &#40;Beta<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;3&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An inverse correlation between the risk of depression and the domains of managerial support and intrinsic motivation was described in the univariate analysis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Risk factors for burnout in dermatology residents</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No sociodemographic risk factors for burnout syndrome were identified in the study&#46; Workload was independently associated with the risk of burnout in the multivariable analysis &#40;Beta<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;2&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; while managerial support was found to be inversely associated with the MBI-HSS score in the same analysis &#40;Beta<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;7&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Intrinsic motivation was described as inversely associated with the MBI-HSS score in the univariate analysis&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Relationship between burnout&#44; anxiety&#44; and depression</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To interpret these results&#44; it should be noted that the derealization domain in the MBI-HSS is scored inversely to the others&#58; a negative&#160;r&#160;between derealization and another variable should be interpreted as a direct correlation&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The score obtained on the HADS scale for anxiety symptoms showed a direct correlation with the domains of emotional exhaustion &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;48&#59;&#160;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and depersonalization &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4&#59;&#160;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; with no association ever found with the derealization domain&#46; Similarly&#44; a statistically significant positive association was observed between depression and the domains of emotional exhaustion &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;48&#59;&#160;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; depersonalization &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;47&#59;&#160;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#44; and burnout derealization &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4&#59;&#160;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; Higher global scores on the MBI-HSS were associated with a greater risk of anxiety &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;47&#59;&#160;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and depression &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;53&#59;&#160;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Discussion</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present cross-sectional study analyzed the prevalence and associated risk factors for burnout syndrome and other related mental health disorders in 48 dermatology residents&#46; Although based on the study results&#44; 58&#46;33&#37; &#40;28&#47;48&#41; of participants presented with some degree of anxiety&#44; 22&#46;9&#37; &#40;11&#47;48&#41; of the surveyed residents reported some degree of depression&#44; and 23&#46;4&#37; showed a moderate risk of burnout &#40;11&#47;48&#41;&#44; more than half of the participants experienced some symptoms of burnout&#46; The sociodemographic characteristics of the sample are similar to those obtained in studies on the same topic&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;22</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The burnout prevalences identified in this study are similar&#44; albeit lower&#44; to those observed in a systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 articles that included residents from different medical specialties&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Unfortunately&#44; dermatology residents were not included&#44; and the prevalences found varied significantly depending on the medical specialties&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> A prevalence study conducted among French dermatologists &#40;residents and licensed specialists&#41; shows similar results of moderate burnout risk &#40;15&#46;6&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#59; similarly&#44; a cross-sectional design in Egyptian dermatologists also showed that more than half of the participants presented with&#44; at least&#44; 1 burnout symptom&#44; and that residents had more chances of experiencing additional psychiatric comorbidities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Regarding specific studies in dermatology residents&#44; we find results consistent with those provided by a Canadian study of 116 dermatology residents&#44; where more than half of the participants showed depersonalization or affective exhaustion&#44; and around 40&#37; exhibited symptoms of derealization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The prevalences of anxiety and depression described in our study are similar to those obtained in cross-sectional studies conducted among psychiatry and family medicine residents<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a>&#59; however&#44; the prevalences of depression found in cross-sectional studies of dermatology residents are higher than those described in our sample&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> It is difficult to clarify these differences due to the use of different diagnostic tools&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Workload was directly correlated with a higher risk of anxiety and depression in residents&#44; independently of other variables&#46; On the contrary&#44; greater managerial support and higher intrinsic motivation appeared to play a protective role&#44; although this could not be demonstrated in the multivariable analysis&#46; In this regard&#44; a cross-sectional study of 116 dermatology residents reflects a significant number of hours devoted to study and work and highlights managerial support as a protective factor against burnout in residents&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The role of workload as a risk factor in psychiatric entities other than burnout lends credence to the potential relationship between these disorders and the theory that chronic work stress can have an impact beyond the purely work-related sphere&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Older age implied a lower risk of anxiety in dermatology residents&#44; an association that remained significant in the multivariable analysis&#46; This protective role has been described in other studies and could be explained by the development of greater resilience&#44; greater job satisfaction&#44; or the acquisition of self-care tools&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Similarly&#44; although workload was associated with a higher risk of burnout regardless of other variables&#44; intrinsic motivation showed an inverse correlation &#40;a protective role&#41;&#46; These results are consistent with other studies&#44; where elements related to workload&#44; such as excessive bureaucratization and lack of free time&#44; have been identified as risk factors for the burnout syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;7&#44;8</span></a> Self-care and enhancing personal motivation have been proposed as measures to prevent burnout among dermatologists&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;17</span></a> reinforcing the protective role that intrinsic motivation has shown in this work&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; a direct correlation was identified between most burnout domains and the intensity of anxiety and depression symptoms&#46; The relationship between burnout and other psychiatric conditions among physicians has been demonstrated in other studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;12&#44;29</span></a> A systematic review of cross-sectional studies identified 12 studies that analyzed the relationship between burnout and anxiety&#44; finding a significant association with similar correlations to those obtained in our study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In general&#44; 45 of the 61 studies from a systematic review that analyzed the relationship between burnout and depression reported a statistically significant association&#44; especially with the domain of emotional exhaustion&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> which was the domain most strongly correlated with depression in our work&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is essential to pay attention to the mental health issues affecting dermatologists in the workplace&#46; On the one hand&#44; burnout prevention programs can focus on modifying the risk factors present in the work environment&#46; Work overload&#44; excessive bureaucratization&#44; and lack of free time have been identified as risk factors for developing the burnout syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;14</span></a> On the other hand&#44; it is crucial to foster tools that individuals themselves can develop to prevent mental health problems in the work environment&#46; Measures such as recognizing symptoms&#44; self-care&#44; and promoting personal motivation have been recommended to prevent burnout in dermatologists&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;17</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Conclusions</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study shows&#44; for the first time&#44; the state of professional quality of life among dermatology residents in Spain&#44; the prevalence of mental health disorders related to chronic work stress&#44; and the risk factors involved&#46; However&#44; there are limitations&#58; the sample size is small&#44; and the cross-sectional design of the study makes it impossible to find causal associations&#46; Additionally&#44; the use of a self-administered form&#8212;despite using validated scales&#8212;may have been a source of selection bias in the sample&#44; potentially facilitating the participation of residents with a higher risk of burnout than that found in the overall study population&#46; On the other hand&#44; the response rate obtained was low&#58; if we consider that approximately 420 dermatology residents currently active in Spain are academic members of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology and&#44; therefore&#44; had access to the form&#44; the response rate would be 11&#46;43&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on our results&#44; the burnout syndrome and related disorders&#44; such as anxiety and depression&#44; are prevalent among dermatology residents in Spain and are strongly related to each other&#46; Workload has been identified as the main risk factor for all 3 entities analyzed&#44; while managerial support and intrinsic motivation appear to play a protective role&#46; These findings highlight how important interventions are for managing workload and promoting mental health among dermatology residents&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Burnout syndrome is a mental health disorder due to chronic occupational stress&#46; Both burnout and associated comorbidities are prevalent among health care professionals&#44; being medical residents a vulnerable group&#46; Despite this&#44; the scientific medical literature currently available on this issue in dermatology residents is scarce&#46; The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of the burnout syndrome&#44; anxiety&#44; and depression in dermatology residents&#44; and the associated risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Material and Method</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a cross-sectional trial designed to include dermatology residents from Spain &#40;from December 2022 through June 2023&#41;&#46; A self-administered form was sent via online messaging applications&#44; including validated scales to study professional quality of life&#44; burnout syndrome&#44; anxiety&#44; and depression&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 48 dermatology residents were included in the study&#44; 50&#37; of whom &#40;24&#47;48&#41; were women&#44; with a mean age of 27 years &#40;1&#46;25&#41;&#46; A total of 58&#46;33&#37; &#40;28&#47;48&#41; of the residents had some degree of anxiety&#44; 22&#46;9&#37; &#40;11&#47;48&#41; some degree of depression&#44; and 23&#46;4&#37; a moderate risk of burnout &#40;11&#47;48&#41;&#46; Workload was the main risk factor associated with the 3 disorders studied&#44; while managerial support or intrinsic motivation seem to play a protective role&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Burnout syndrome and its comorbidities are both prevalent in dermatology residents in Spain and closely related to each other&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Background and objective"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Material and Method"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Antecedentes y objetivo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de burnout es un trastorno de salud mental derivado del estr&#233;s laboral cr&#243;nico&#46; Tanto el burnout como las comorbilidades asociadas son prevalentes en profesionales sanitarios&#44; siendo los m&#233;dicos residentes un grupo vulnerable&#46; Pese a ello&#44; la literatura que analiza este tema en residentes de dermatolog&#237;a es escasa&#46; El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las prevalencias de burnout&#44; ansiedad y depresi&#243;n en residentes de dermatolog&#237;a&#44; as&#237; como los factores de riesgo asociados&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Material y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se dise&#241;&#243; un estudio transversal que incluy&#243; residentes de dermatolog&#237;a en Espa&#241;a &#40;diciembre de 2022 a junio de 2023&#41;&#46; Se emple&#243; un formulario autoadministrado&#44; enviado mediante aplicaciones de mensajer&#237;a online&#44; en el cual se incluyeron las escalas validadas para el an&#225;lisis de la calidad de vida profesional&#44; el s&#237;ndrome de burnout&#44; la ansiedad y la depresi&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Resultados</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 48 residentes de dermatolog&#237;a fueron incluidos en el estudio&#44; siendo el 50&#37; &#40;24&#47;48&#41; mujeres&#44; y la edad media de 27 &#40;1&#44;25&#41; a&#241;os&#46; El 58&#44;33&#37; &#40;28&#47;48&#41; de los residentes present&#243; ansiedad de alg&#250;n grado&#44; el 22&#44;9&#37; &#40;11&#47;48&#41; manifest&#243; alg&#250;n grado de depresi&#243;n y el 23&#44;4&#37; present&#243; riesgo moderado de padecer burnout &#40;11&#47;48&#41;&#46; La carga de trabajo fue el principal factor de riesgo asociado a los 3 trastornos estudiados&#44; mientras que el apoyo de los directivos o la motivaci&#243;n intr&#237;nseca parecen jugar un papel protector&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de burnout y sus comorbilidades son prevalentes en residentes de dermatolog&#237;a en Espa&#241;a y est&#225;n estrechamente relacionados entre s&#237;&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivo"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todo"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlations between the HADS anxiety and depression scales and the burnout domains&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PQoL-35&#58; Professional Quality of Life-35&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; HADS&#58; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale&#59; MBI-HSS&#58; Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37; &#40;n&#47;N&#41;&#47;mean &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;24&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;24&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;1&#46;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Autonomous community where they work</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Andalusia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;13&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Madrid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#46;16 &#40;14&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Valencia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;58 &#40;7&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Canary Islands&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;3 &#40;4&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Castile and Le&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;16 &#40;2&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Catalonia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;16 &#40;2&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Galicia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;16 &#40;2&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asturias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;1&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Castile-La Mancha&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;1&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Murcia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;1&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basque Country&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;1&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PQoL-35 Questionnaire</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Global PQoL &#40;question 34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;36 &#40;1&#46;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Support from managers&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;9 &#40;1&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Workload&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;28 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intrinsic motivation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;59 &#40;1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HADS Questionnaire</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anxiety domain &#40;mean score&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;48 &#40;4&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&#46;58 &#40;20&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mild anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;83 &#40;10&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;25 &#40;15&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Severe anxiety&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;25 &#40;3&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Depression domain &#40;mean score&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;46 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76 &#40;37&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mild depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;58 &#40;7&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;33 &#40;4&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Severe depression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">MBI-HSS Questionnaire</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;5 &#40;2&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low burnout risk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&#46;6 &#40;36&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate burnout risk&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;4 &#40;11&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emotional exhaustion&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&#46;1 &#40;25&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Derealization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;75 &#40;33&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Depersonalization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#46;1 &#40;37&#47;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PQoL-35&#44; professional quality of life&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#59; MIR&#44; internal resident medical physician&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Anxiety</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Depression</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Burnout syndrome</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Univariate analysis</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariate analysis</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Univariate analysis</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariate analysis</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Univariate analysis</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariate analysis</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#40;SD&#41;&#47;Beta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#40;SD&#41;&#47;Beta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#40;SD&#41;&#47;Beta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#40;SD&#41;&#47;Beta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#40;SD&#41;&#47;Beta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean &#40;SD&#41;&#47;Beta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Male&#58; 7&#46;6 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;62 &#40;0&#46;5&#41; women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Male&#58; 4&#46;7 &#40;3&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;4 &#40;0&#46;38&#41; women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Male&#58; 12&#46;16 &#40;4&#46;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;2&#41; women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female&#58; 9&#46;39 &#40;1&#46;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female&#58; 4&#46;2 &#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female&#58; 8&#46;73 &#40;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;36 &#40;0&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;4 &#40;0&#46;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;23 &#40;0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7 &#40;0&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;08 &#40;0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01 &#40;&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Year of residency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 1&#58; 15 &#40;4&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 1&#58; 11 &#40;3&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 1&#58; 10 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 2&#58; 8&#46;84 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 2&#58; 3&#46;9 &#40;0&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 2&#58; 9&#46;68 &#40;4&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 3&#58; 8&#46;3 &#40;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 3&#58; 5&#46;5 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 3&#58; 6&#46;4 &#40;6&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">MIR 4&#58; 9 &#40;1&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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