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Escabiosis y pediculosis púbica" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "475" "paginaFinal" => "492" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) expert recommendations for the management of sexual transmitted parasitosis. Scabies, and pediculosis pubis" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2947 "Ancho" => 3000 "Tamanyo" => 1114312 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Imágenes clínicas y microscópicas de escabiosis; a) forma clásica en adulto joven con fototipo 3, con surcos acarinos (flechas) y pápulas (puntas de flecha) evidentes en localizaciones típicas de la mano; b) forma costrosa o noruega (hiperinfestación) en anciana encamada con fototipo 2, con alteración ungueal y lesiones costrosas discretas en meñique, que hacen difícil el diagnóstico de sospecha; c) nódulos y erosiones genitales (flecha) y surco acarino (punta de flecha) en adulto joven con fototipo 5; d) acropustulosis escabiótica, pústulas en planta de pie en bebé de 3 meses de fototipo 6; e) forma atípica con lesiones eccematosas diseminadas (se muestra abdomen) en mujer de edad media y fototipo 3; f) forma clásica impetiginizada, pústulas en localización típica de escabiosis en mano de niña de 8 años y fototipo 6; g) forma atípica ampollosa, con ampollas en lateral de mano (flecha) y un surco acarino en pulgar (punta de flecha) en mujer joven con fototipo 3; h) imagen de surco acarino obtenida mediante dermatoscopio manual. En un extremo se visualiza el triangulo oscuro que corresponde a la sección anterior del ácaro (punta de flecha). De él parte el trayecto lineal sinuoso que termina en una imagen triangular (flechas). Estas estructuras constituyen el «signo de ala delta; i) imagen del ácaro (flecha) y sus huevos (puntas de flecha) obtenida mediante microscopía óptica del raspado de un surco acarino.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Galván-Casas, J. Ortiz-Álvarez, E. Martínez-García, M. Corbacho-Monné" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Galván-Casas" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Ortiz-Álvarez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Martínez-García" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Corbacho-Monné" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731023009456?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/00017310/0000011500000005/v1_202405030647/S0001731023009456/v1_202405030647/es/main.assets" ] "asociados" => array:1 [ 0 => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0001731023009456" "issn" => "00017310" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ad.2023.11.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-05-01" "aid" => "3756" "copyright" => "AEDV" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "pgl" "cita" => "Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2024;115:475-92" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Documento de consenso</span>" "titulo" => "Recomendaciones de expertos de la Academia Española de Dermatología (AEDV) para el manejo de las ectoparasitosis de transmisión sexual. Escabiosis y pediculosis púbica" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "475" "paginaFinal" => "492" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) expert recommendations for the management of sexual transmitted parasitosis. Scabies, and pediculosis pubis" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2947 "Ancho" => 3000 "Tamanyo" => 1114312 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Imágenes clínicas y microscópicas de escabiosis; a) forma clásica en adulto joven con fototipo 3, con surcos acarinos (flechas) y pápulas (puntas de flecha) evidentes en localizaciones típicas de la mano; b) forma costrosa o noruega (hiperinfestación) en anciana encamada con fototipo 2, con alteración ungueal y lesiones costrosas discretas en meñique, que hacen difícil el diagnóstico de sospecha; c) nódulos y erosiones genitales (flecha) y surco acarino (punta de flecha) en adulto joven con fototipo 5; d) acropustulosis escabiótica, pústulas en planta de pie en bebé de 3 meses de fototipo 6; e) forma atípica con lesiones eccematosas diseminadas (se muestra abdomen) en mujer de edad media y fototipo 3; f) forma clásica impetiginizada, pústulas en localización típica de escabiosis en mano de niña de 8 años y fototipo 6; g) forma atípica ampollosa, con ampollas en lateral de mano (flecha) y un surco acarino en pulgar (punta de flecha) en mujer joven con fototipo 3; h) imagen de surco acarino obtenida mediante dermatoscopio manual. En un extremo se visualiza el triangulo oscuro que corresponde a la sección anterior del ácaro (punta de flecha). De él parte el trayecto lineal sinuoso que termina en una imagen triangular (flechas). Estas estructuras constituyen el «signo de ala delta; i) imagen del ácaro (flecha) y sus huevos (puntas de flecha) obtenida mediante microscopía óptica del raspado de un surco acarino.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Galván-Casas, J. Ortiz-Álvarez, E. Martínez-García, M. Corbacho-Monné" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Galván-Casas" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Ortiz-Álvarez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Martínez-García" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Corbacho-Monné" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731023009456?idApp=UINPBA000044" "url" => "/00017310/0000011500000005/v1_202405030647/S0001731023009456/v1_202405030647/es/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:22 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Documento de consenso</span>" "titulo" => " Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) expert recommendations for the management of sexual transmitted parasitosis. Scabies, and pediculosis pubis" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "T475" "paginaFinal" => "T492" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Galván-Casas, J. Ortiz-Álvarez, E. Martínez-García, M. Corbacho-Monné" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Galván-Casas" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "galvancasascristina@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Ortiz-Álvarez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Martínez-García" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Corbacho-Monné" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections; Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Recomendaciones de expertos de la Academia Española de Dermatología (AEDV) para el manejo de las ectoparasitosis de transmisión sexual. Escabiosis y pediculosis púbica" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2299 "Ancho" => 2409 "Tamanyo" => 720785 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and microscopic images of scabies; a) classical form in a young adult with skin type 3 exhibiting the characteristic burrows (arrows) and papules (arrowheads) evident at typical locations on the hand; b) crusted or Norwegian form (hyperinfestation) in an elderly bedridden woman with skin type 2, nail abnormalities, and discreet crusted lesions on her pinky finger, posing a challenge for diagnosis; c) genital nodules and erosions (arrow) and burrow (arrowhead) in a young man with skin type 5; d) infantile acropustulosis, pustules on the sole of a 3-month-old baby with skin type 6; e) atypical form with disseminated eczematous lesions (abdomen shown) in a middle-aged woman with skin type 3; f) classic impetiginized form, pustules in typical scabies location on the hand of an 8-year-old girl with skin type 6; g) blistering atypical form, with blisters on the side of the hand (arrow) and a burrow on the thumb (arrowhead) in a young woman with skin type 3; h) image of the burrow obtained using a manual dermatoscope. At one end, the dark triangle consistent with the anterior section of the mite can be seen (arrowhead). The sinuous linear path starting here ends in a triangular image (arrows). These structures make up the “delta wing sign”; i) image of the mite (arrow) and its eggs (arrowheads) obtained through optical microscopy of scraping of one of the burrows.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this document is to establish expert recommendations from the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) on the management and control of sexually transmitted ectoparasitic infections (STEIs), as part of the project of developing AEDV recommendations on the management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The goals are to adapt these recommendations to the scientific evidence currently available and unify criteria and strategies for prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and individual and community control of STEIs across different demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and health socio-sanitary situations. The document anticipates a plan for updating every 5 years.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the effective management of these community-transmitted ectoparasitic infections, a comprehensive approach is required, involving close collaboration among primary care health workforce, dermatologists, infectologists, epidemiologists, and preventive medicine specialists, among others, leading to a coordinated response between them and with those responsible for the surveillance and control policies of communicable diseases. Therefore, this document is not only intended for dermatologists but also for all health care workers who manage scabies and those who establish prevention and control policies.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data</a>, annexes are provided with information on scabies, its differential diagnosis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 1</a>), patient information sheets (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 2</a>), oral ivermectin dosing (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 3</a>), information for workers (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 4</a>), and a checklist (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 5</a>) for affected institutions, frequently asked questions (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 6</a>), video with audiovisual support material for diagnosis, treatment, and control (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 7</a>, also available at <a href="https://youtu.be/lP8McE90Cz4">https://youtu.be/lP8McE90Cz4</a>, English version, and <a href="https://aedv.fundacionpielsana.es/wikiderma/escabiosis">https://aedv.fundacionpielsana.es/wikiderma/escabiosis</a>, Spanish version), and a table with the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation used (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 8</a>).</p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Justification</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A characteristic of sexually transmitted parasitic infestations such as scabies and pediculosis is their potential for transmission through sexual contact as well as acquisition within the community. Clinical and epidemiological diagnoses are important for individual and sexual contact control and, eventually, community control. Additionally, their presence is suggestive of other possible associated concurrent STIs, including HIV.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding scabies, in recent years, different European countries have reported on a suspected increased incidence and decreased efficacy of treatments indicated in the clinical practice guidelines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–6</span></a> Inadequate therapeutic compliance and prevention measures, and decreased efficacy of scabicides, may be contributing to insufficient control.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pubic lice infestation has not raised alarms of incidence or lack of control, nor has it been demonstrated that it acts as a vector in the transmission of other diseases. However, among affected individuals, an increased incidence of other STIs such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia has been reported.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Methods</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors reviewed the main international guidelines, including guidelines drafted in Europe,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9–11</span></a> Japan,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Germany,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> the United Kingdom,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,16</span></a> and protocols from national and local health services and epidemiological surveillance from Spain, published or provided by dermatologists.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17–27</span></a> Additionally, in August 2023, relevant scientific publications were consulted in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, without date restrictions, with available abstracts, and written in English, French, or any of the official languages of Spain. Case descriptions were excluded. The obtained works and their citations were reviewed to identify other relevant studies.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were evaluated using the criteria established by the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, version 2009.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0625"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 8</a>).</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Drug prices were consulted in the nomenclature of pharmaceutical products available in pharmacies of the Spanish Ministry of Health as of September 2023.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0630"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> The approximate price of drugs available in magistral formulation was calculated by requesting a quote from different pharmacies subject to the regulation of magistral formulation of drugs from the Spanish autonomous communities of Andalusia, Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, and Madrid.</p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">External review</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two experts, one representing the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) and the other from the World Health Organization (WHO), both Spanish speakers, reviewed the document. Their recommendations were carefully analyzed and considered.</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Scabies</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">What is scabies?</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Human scabies, is a communicable disease resulting from infestation of human skin by a mite of the family <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sarcoptidae</span>. References to its existence date back to ancient times.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0635"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30,31</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Etiology</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The causative agent of scabies is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sarcoptes scabiei</span> var. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hominis</span>, a 0.30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm x 0.50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm arthropod (size of adult females) at the limit of human eye visibility.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> Its complete life cycle, which extends from 9 to 15 days, occurs in humans, who serve as its reservoir. Mated females burrow into the epidermis, where they lay their eggs. Female survival and infectivity in the environment are higher when relative humidity is high, and temperature drops below 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0650"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> Under normal conditions, the mite can survive for 3 days outside the host.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32,34,35</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Transmission</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Transmission occurs through close physical contact for, at least, 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes, with another infected individual, typically a sexual partner or a household member.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Cases of crusted scabies (see “Clinical forms” section below) harbor a high parasite load (hyperinfestation), where brief contacts may be sufficient for transmission.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,37</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The contagious period starts when the parasite is acquired. Transmission via fomites is unlikely,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38,39</span></a> except for cases of hyperinfestation, where it poses a real risk.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,37,40</span></a></p><p id="par0425" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Transitory self-resolving infestations have been reported, but never cross-infestation between humans and other animals that complete the parasite's life cycle.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41–44</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Pathophysiology</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pruritus, a key symptom, and skin lesions are the result of the host's immune response to the mite, its excretions, or eggs and may persist for weeks after parasitological cure. The time elapsed between the initial infestation and this reaction ranges between 2 and 6 weeks, which facilitates spread from asymptomatic carriers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38,45</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An episode of scabies does not confer immunity against future infestations. Symptoms often appear 1 to 3 days after exposure in infected individuals with previous episodes of scabies.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Epidemiology</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Scabies has a worldwide distribution, with highly variable prevalence across different regions. Scabies has an estimated prevalence of nearly 200 million people each year, and an incidence of 455 million cases per year, which represents a significant global disease burden.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> Scabies has been categorized as a “neglected tropical disease” by the WHO,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> which prioritizes its control in its 2021-2030 roadmap.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cyclical patterns and seasonal variations of prevalence are described, but no predictive models have ever been confirmed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46,49,50</span></a> Situations fostering vulnerability, such as migratory movements, can lead to serious situations of very high prevalence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Scabies is not a notifiable disease, with the exception of outbreaks (see the “Situation Diagnosis” section below), which in Spain and other countries, require reporting. This poses a challenge in accurately determining the prevalence and trends of incidence curves.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,52,53</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As it happens in other countries, Spain has seen growing reports of rising case numbers and acaricide use in recent years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,54</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Clinical presentation</span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Clinical forms</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diagnosis is based on history-taking and recognition of the clinical signs associated with scabies.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The cardinal symptom is intense pruritus, typically sparing the head and face and worsening in the evening hours.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most specific clinical sign is the burrow—visible to the naked eye—a 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm x 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm thin, sinuous linear trajectory. Although it is the pathognomonic lesion, it is often hidden by excoriation or superinfection. Other types of lesions, such as papules (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>a) and genital nodules in cases of sexual transmission (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>c), are more common.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinical presentation shares signs and symptoms with other dermatopathies and manifests differently in infants and individuals with a deficient immune response to the mite.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0760"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55,56</span></a> Various clinical presentations are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figures 1</a>a-i illustrate several clinical and microscopic images.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Complications</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bacterial superinfection, favored by scratching, is the most common complication. The most widely reported bacteria involved in the infection are <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Streptococcus</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pyogenes</span>, and the usual clinical presentation is impetigo (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>f). In untreated or weakened patients, it can progress into deep soft tissue infections such as cellulitis and sepsis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0760"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55,57</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pruritus prevents rest and, along with the stigma associated with the disease, causes significant psychological distress.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0775"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Diagnosis</span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Diagnostic criteria</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The IACS criteria (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>), which include typical lesions and symptoms, and epidemiological data, allow for standardized diagnosis with varying levels of rigor. This includes confirmed (level A), clinical (level B), or suspected scabies (level C). The utility of the IACS criteria is limited in clinical forms other than the classical presentation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0780"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnostic gold standard is the visualization of the mite under an optical microscope. The 10x magnification handheld dermatoscope—a more accessible technique—allows for the visualization of different structures and non-invasive confirmation diagnosis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>i). A brown triangular figure at its distal end is consistent with the anterior section of the mite. This figure (delta), along with the triangular image at the opposite end and the sinuous path that connects them (trail), is the “delta wing sign.”<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0785"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>h).</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Various diagnostic aid techniques have been described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0790"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 6</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Situation diagnosis</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To determine whether there is an outbreak and establish control measures, it is necessary to know if we are dealing with one or multiple cases, classical or hyperinfestation forms, and recognize if vulnerable groups are affected, such as displaced or institutionalized populations (schools, hospitals, refugee camps, nursing homes, penitentiaries...) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,17,21,62</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figure 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Cure diagnosis</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cure is defined by the absence of new lesions and the absence of parasites in 2 different tests performed on the remaining lesions over 2 consecutive weeks.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,13</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After parasitological cure, burrows may still be visible, and dermatitis and itching may still go on for weeks. Topical scabicides are irritants and may contribute to this persistence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0800"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a> illustrates the diagnostic algorithm of scabies.</p></span></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Treatment</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therapeutic goals are to eliminate the parasite and its eggs, resolve the symptoms, eradicate the signs and complications associated with the infestation, and control its spread. Patients should receive written information (level of evidence 5, grade of recommendation D)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 2</a>).</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are currently 2 marketed drugs in Spain: topical permethrin and oral ivermectin, both regarded as first-line therapies. Other treatments—available by compounding—include topical sulfur, topical ivermectin, and benzyl benzoate. Drug selection should consider the patient's preferences and potential contraindications. Not all contacts involved need to use the same scabicide. Since the mite's life cycle occurs in the stratum corneum, topical treatment is effective in most cases.</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Topical treatments should be applied as described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>, regardless of the infection route or the location of signs and symptoms.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most relevant information on drugs available in Spain is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment recommendations differ depending on the form of scabies, the patient's clinical condition, and the epidemiological situation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figure 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Drugs in the pipeline, or still not available in Spain</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several macrocyclic lactones are in the pipeline. Moxidectin, which has a good safety profile, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat onchocerciasis in humans. Compared to ivermectin, moxidectin has greater in vitro scabicidal activity, cutaneous bioavailability, and half-life (20 to 40 days, which is longer than the parasite's life cycle), which would allow for single-dose treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0805"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64,65</span></a></p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Spinosad, in a 0.9% topical suspension, is an insecticide that has been approved in the United States to treat scabies. It has a high safety profile.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0815"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a></p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Malathion, crotamiton, and lindane are no longer available in Spain, the latter having been withdrawn due to its neurological toxicity.</p></span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Combined therapies</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The combination of topical permethrin plus oral ivermectin in a single dose of 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μg/kg was more effective than monotherapy to treat classical scabies. However, the methodology of the only study in which it has been evaluated does not allow us to determine the level of evidence or grade of recommendation of this combination.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0820"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67</span></a></p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For hyperinfestation, a combination of topical and oral scabicides is advised. Topical treatment is repeated daily for a week and then every 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours until definitive cure. Oral ivermectin is administered on days 1, 2, and 8 in mild cases and on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 22, and 29 or until a definitive cure has been achieved in most severe cases (level of evidence <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>, grade of recommendation C).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Additionally, in the presence of crusts or hyperkeratosis, keratolytics should be added to the scabicides.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,14,68</span></a></p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In high-risk patients, such as immunocompromised individuals with classical scabies, combined treatment from the beginning may be considered.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0820"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67,69</span></a> (level of evidence 5, grade of recommendation D).</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Drug resistance</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years, therapeutic failures have been described with all scabicides.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,70–72</span></a> Contributing factors may include drug resistance generation,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0850"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">73</span></a> inadequate cutaneous bioavailability of the drug,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0855"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">74</span></a> incorrect treatment compliance, and reinfection due to insufficient contact control.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,75</span></a> Poor control of fomites does not seem to be a plausible cause, given the low frequency of this source of contagion and the demonstrated efficacy in community campaigns that do not involve environmental mite elimination.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0865"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">76,77</span></a></p><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In vitro tolerance of the mite to permethrin and ivermectin has increased since they started being used for scabies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0840"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71,78,79</span></a> In addition, mutations related to permethrin resistance have been identified. However, the few available clinical studies still report high efficacy rates.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0885"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">80,81</span></a></p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is difficult to prove the cause of failures for several reasons: there is no experimental culture medium for the mite, and in vitro studies lack standardization; confirmation of correct treatment compliance is not always possible, and, eventually, the higher the prevalence the more difficult it becomes to access to all individuals who need treatment as direct contacts.</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In case of therapeutic failure, due to absence of cure criteria 4 weeks into treatment, the complete regimen should be repeated. After confirming compliance with all necessary measures—personal, contacts, and environmental—the health care worker must decide whether to repeat the previous regimen, extend the skin contact time with the topical scabicide, increase the number of cycles of oral or topical treatment, prescribe the association of permethrin and ivermectin, or recommend an alternative treatment, among those currently considered second-line therapies. This decision should take into account the preferences and possible contraindications of the affected individual and his/her contacts (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">figure 3</a>).</p></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Post-mite elimination treatment (persistent symptoms)</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After mite elimination, skin lesions, itching, and bacterial complications may persist for 2 to 4 weeks.</p><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Itching:</span> oral antihistamines can alleviate it (level of evidence 5, grade of recommendation D). The topical application of medium-potency corticosteroids and tacrolimus has proven effective in reducing itching (level of evidence 1b, grade of recommendation A).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0900"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">83</span></a> Before starting the application, the absence of bacterial superinfection and parasitological cure should be confirmed to avoid masking infection and persistent scabies.</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Skin lesions:</span> after parasitological cure, topical corticosteroids can help resolve the inflammatory process (level of evidence 5, grade of recommendation D).</p><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bacterial infections:</span> they should be treated with topical or oral antibiotics based on their severity and, eventually, they should be antibiogram-guided (level of evidence 2c, grade of recommendation B).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0905"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">84</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0115" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Management of direct contacts</span><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In cases of classical scabies, all close primary contacts of the affected individual from 1 to 2 months before the onset of symptoms, should be treated, regardless of the presence of symptoms, including sexual partners and individuals who share a bed or have close household or institutional contact (schools, shelters, nursing homes, etc.).</p><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For secondary contacts—those who have had close contact with a primary contact of a case—follow-up is advised.</p><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sexual partners in the 2 months prior to symptom onset should be examined and treated (level of evidence 5, grade of recommendation D). Close contact should be avoided until the affected individual and his/her partners have been treated (level of evidence 5, grade of recommendation D).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a></p><p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In cases of hyperinfestation, all primary contacts should be treated, even if they have not been in intimate or prolonged contact. Secondary contacts should also be monitored, and treatment should be considered.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,62,81</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0120" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Environmental mite elimination</span><p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For classical scabies, there is no evidence that fomite treatment is helpful.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> However, based on studies that found mites in the environment, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> most clinical practice guidelines recommend eliminating mites on fomites that have come into contact with the affected individual's skin (level of evidence 5, grade of recommendation D).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mites can be completely eliminated by exposing clothes to 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C temperatures for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes (in washing machine, tumble dryer or water), keeping them in sealed bags for 3 (moderate ambient temperature and humidity) to 8 days (high ambient humidity and low temperatures), or keeping them in the freezer at -10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0970"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">97</span></a> Surfaces should be cleaned with soap, water, and a vacuum cleaner.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0300" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To avoid reinfections, these measures should be implemented the same day as the treatment for affected individuals and contacts.</p><p id="par0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For crusted scabies, where patients harbor a very high number of mites, all guidelines recommend rigorous environmental decontamination.</p></span></span><span id="sec0125" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Outbreak control <span class="elsevierStyleBold">(</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annexes 4 and 5</a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">)</span></span><p id="par0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the event of an institutional outbreak of scabies, the following measures should be implemented:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Notify the administration and those responsible for prevention and occupational health at the center, as well as residents, their families, and the centers the residents may have recently been transferred to.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Provide basic training on the disease to workers.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0325" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Daily evaluation of symptoms and signs in residents, workers, and new admissions while the outbreak persists.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0330" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment of those meeting scabies diagnostic criteria.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0335" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Offer preventive treatment to workers, visiting family members, and asymptomatic residents living in the affected area of the institution.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0340" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Temporary work disability for affected workers for as long as they exhibit signs of active infestation and, at least, 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours after the first dose of treatment.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0345" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contact isolation measures for affected residents.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0350" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Implementation of measures for environmental mite elimination.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0355" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Detailed notification of the situation to regional health authorities.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0360" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These same measures should be implemented to deal with cases of crusted scabies, and all close primary contacts should be treated as well. Secondary contacts and individuals in contact with the affected individual's fomites, such as laundry personnel, should be evaluated and offered curative or preventive treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,17,19,62</span></a></p></li></ul></p></span></span><span id="sec0130" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Pubic lice</span><p id="par0365" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pubic lice, also known as “crab louse”, are caused by the ectoparasite <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pthirus pubis</span>. They are visible to the naked eye and smaller than head lice. They infest pubic hair and, to a lesser extent, body hair, eyebrows, eyelashes and armpits.</p></span><span id="sec0135" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Transmission and epidemiology</span><p id="par0370" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pubic lice are primarily transmitted through sexual contact, but depending on the site of infestation, they can also spread through non-sexual contact among close household contacts. Transmission via fomites is much less likely, as the lice cannot survive for 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours without feeding from the host's blood.</p><p id="par0375" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The eggs are deposited, attached to the hair, close to the skin. After hatching, typically a week after being laid, the empty eggshell may remain attached to the hair. Nymphs reach maturity and become capable of contagion within 2 weeks.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0955"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">94</span></a></p><p id="par0380" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently, there are no current prevalence studies in the adult population. Various studies, albeit not recent, evaluate cases seen in STI clinics with prevalence rates close to 2%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0960"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">95</span></a></p><p id="par0385" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The incidence of pubic lice is increasing in disadvantaged communities with overcrowded conditions and decreasing in populations where pubic hair removal is a common practice. Affected individuals are more likely than the general population to have other concurrent STIs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0140" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Clinical presentation, treatment, and control</span><p id="par0390" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a> summarizes the clinical characteristics and recommended treatment and control measures.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0145" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Funding</span><p id="par0395" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span><span id="sec0150" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0400" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2138811" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1815942" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2138810" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1815943" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Justification" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "External review" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Scabies" "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "What is scabies?" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Etiology" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Transmission" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Pathophysiology" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Epidemiology" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Clinical presentation" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Clinical forms" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Complications" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Diagnosis" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Diagnostic criteria" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Situation diagnosis" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Cure diagnosis" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Treatment" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0095" "titulo" => "Drugs in the pipeline, or still not available in Spain" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0100" "titulo" => "Combined therapies" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0105" "titulo" => "Drug resistance" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0110" "titulo" => "Post-mite elimination treatment (persistent symptoms)" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0115" "titulo" => "Management of direct contacts" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0120" "titulo" => "Environmental mite elimination" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0125" "titulo" => "Outbreak control (Figure 2 and supplementary data. Annexes 4 and 5)" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0130" "titulo" => "Pubic lice" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0135" "titulo" => "Transmission and epidemiology" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0140" "titulo" => "Clinical presentation, treatment, and control" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0145" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0150" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack742183" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 13 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect1190">Further Reading</span>" ] 14 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2023-10-31" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-11-21" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1815942" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Scabies" 1 => "Pediculosis pubis" 2 => "Crab louse" 3 => "Sexually transmitted infections" 4 => "STI" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1815943" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Escabiosis" 1 => "Sarna" 2 => "Pediculosis púbica" 3 => "Ladillas" 4 => "Infecciones de transmisión sexual" 5 => "ITS" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sexually transmitted infections are communicable diseases where the pathogen is transmitted through sexual contact. The Sexually Transmitted Infections Working Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) is engaged in the drafting of documents to guide dermatologists and health care personnel who treat Spanish patients with these infections. This document analyzes the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and control characteristics of 2 sexually transmitted parasitosis: scabies due to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sarcoptes scabiei</span> var. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hominis</span>, and pubic pediculosis due to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phthirus pubis</span>. Both parasitoses share a sort of mixed spread through sexual and community transmission regardless of the route through which the infection was initially acquired. This specific feature creates particularities in the management and control of the infestation.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las enfermedades transmisibles en las que el patógeno se transmite por contacto sexual se denominan infecciones de transmisión sexual. La Academia Española de Dermatología (AEDV), a través de su grupo de trabajo de infecciones de transmisión sexual, se ha propuesto elaborar documentos de recomendaciones, destinados a la orientación de los dermatólogos y del personal sanitario que atiende en España a personas afectadas de estas infecciones. El presente documento analiza las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, terapéuticas y de control de 2 parasitosis consideradas de transmisión sexual: la escabiosis, causada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sarcoptes scabiei</span> var<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">. hominis</span>, y la pediculosis púbica, causada por el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pthirus pubis</span>. Ambas parasitosis tienen en común que pueden diseminarse de forma mixta, por vía sexual y comunitaria, independientemente del modo de adquisición de la infestación. Esta peculiaridad genera particularidades en el control de la infestación.</p></span>" ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0420" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi1010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi2010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi3010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi4010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi5010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi6010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi7010"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0165" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:75 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2299 "Ancho" => 2409 "Tamanyo" => 720785 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical and microscopic images of scabies; a) classical form in a young adult with skin type 3 exhibiting the characteristic burrows (arrows) and papules (arrowheads) evident at typical locations on the hand; b) crusted or Norwegian form (hyperinfestation) in an elderly bedridden woman with skin type 2, nail abnormalities, and discreet crusted lesions on her pinky finger, posing a challenge for diagnosis; c) genital nodules and erosions (arrow) and burrow (arrowhead) in a young man with skin type 5; d) infantile acropustulosis, pustules on the sole of a 3-month-old baby with skin type 6; e) atypical form with disseminated eczematous lesions (abdomen shown) in a middle-aged woman with skin type 3; f) classic impetiginized form, pustules in typical scabies location on the hand of an 8-year-old girl with skin type 6; g) blistering atypical form, with blisters on the side of the hand (arrow) and a burrow on the thumb (arrowhead) in a young woman with skin type 3; h) image of the burrow obtained using a manual dermatoscope. At one end, the dark triangle consistent with the anterior section of the mite can be seen (arrowhead). The sinuous linear path starting here ends in a triangular image (arrows). These structures make up the “delta wing sign”; i) image of the mite (arrow) and its eggs (arrowheads) obtained through optical microscopy of scraping of one of the burrows.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 4058 "Ancho" => 3343 "Tamanyo" => 692873 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic algorithm of scabies.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 4215 "Ancho" => 2760 "Tamanyo" => 852323 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Therapeutic algorithm of scabies.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency/Characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pruritus \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Preferred location \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lesions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Classic scabies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Common form \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Intense- Nocturnal predominance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Interdigital spaces- Wrists- Axillae- Waist- Feet- Buttocks- Thighs (inner surface)- Areola (females)- Genitals (more common in males) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Burrows- Papules- Erosions- Vesicles- Pustules- Eczema/lichenification- Nodules (common in genitals)- Blisters (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>g) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Infantile acropustulosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Common form in children < 1 year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Often manifests as restlessness or crying- Scratching may be absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Palms- Soles- Disseminated, including face and head \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Vesiculopustules (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>d)- Nodules- Very prominent burrows \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Crusted scabies (formerly known as “Norwegian” scabies) (hyperinfestation) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Very rare- Immunocompromised, elderly, malnourished- Large number of viable mites (high contagiousness)- Increased risk of complications, such as severe infections \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Mild or absent \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Broad cutaneous surfaces- Unusual locations in the classic form (palms, soles, head, face, and nails) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>b) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Scaling- Crusts- Hyperkeratosis- Erythroderma- Thickening or irregularities in nails- Rarely, burrows \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Atypical scabies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Rare- Atypical signs and symptoms, which complicates diagnosis- Mimics known dermatoses (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 1</a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Variable (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figure 1</a>e) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3525822.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical forms of scabies.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IACS, International Alliance for the Control of Scabies.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Confirmed scabies</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Visualization of, at least, one of the following:</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- A1: mite, eggs, or feces on optical microscopy of skin samples \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- A2: mite, eggs, or feces using high-resolution imaging modalities \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- A3: mite on dermoscopy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Clinical scabies</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presence of, at least, one of the following:</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- B1: burrows \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- B2: typical lesions in male genital region \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- B3: typical lesions with typical distribution and 2 clinical history criteria (H) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Suspected scabies</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presence of one of the following:</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- C1: typical lesions with typical distribution and 1 element of clinical history (H) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- C2: atypical lesions or atypical distribution and 2 elements of clinical history (H) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Elements of clinical history</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- H1: itching \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>- H2: contact with an infected individual \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3525821.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The IACS criteria.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865457"></elsevierMultimedia>, yes; <elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865458"></elsevierMultimedia>, no; ↑, high; ↑↑, very high; ↑↑↑, extremely high; ↓, low; ↓↓, too low; ±, medium.</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Green color: positive data; red color: difficulty.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Technique \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Facilitates viewing the burrow \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Allows visualization of the mite \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Non-invasive technique \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">In vivo visualization of the mite \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Accessibility/availability \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Price \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Learning difficulty \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Transillumination \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Light source applied to the palmar surface of the interdigital fold \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202405030648586541"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202405030648586542"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202405030648586543"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202405030648586544"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202405030648586545"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202405030648586546"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202405030648586547"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ink stain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Apply ink to the burrow and clean the excess \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202405030648586548"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="202405030648586549"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865410"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865411"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865412"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865413"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865414"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">UV light \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Illuminate with LED 365 nm<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0790"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61,68</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865415"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865416"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865417"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865418"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865419"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865420"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865421"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dermatoscope \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Manual device with 10x magnification and illumination \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865422"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865423"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865424"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865425"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865426"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865427"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865428"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Videodermatoscope \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Devices of different complexity and magnifications \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865429"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865430"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865431"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865432"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865433"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865434"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865435"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Confocal microscopy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Microscopy with high-resolution visualization of the superficial layers of the skin. Resolution similar to histopathologyy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865436"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865437"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865438"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865439"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865440"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865441"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865442"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Optical coherence tomography \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Uses light sources (interferometry), obtaining non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the superficial structures of skin and mite \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865443"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865444"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865445"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865446"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865447"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865448"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865449"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Optical microscopy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Visualization under optical microscope of samples obtained with adhesive tape (adhesive tape test), scraping (Müller test), or biopsy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865450"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865451"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865452"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865453"></elsevierMultimedia> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865454"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865455"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><elsevierMultimedia ident="2024050306485865456"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Serological and molecular tests \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Detection of mite targets enabling simple and rapid point-of-care diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Currently not available \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3525818.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Differing for the different techniques available.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic aid and confirmation techniques.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Application areas \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Observations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Head and face:</span> avoiding periocular and perioral area \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Only in children younger than 1 year and crusted forms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Body:</span> cover from mandibular arch and retroauricular folds to tips of toes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">In all cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Areas of special attention:</span> careful application in skin folds and periungual areas and less accessible areas \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">In all cases \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Application method1. Trim nails before application.2. Remove crusts, as much as possible, before application, in crusted or hyperkeratotic forms.3. Apply to an unclothed person.4. Assistance from another person to make sure application covers the entire recommended skin area.5. When the helper does not need treatment because he/she is not a close contact and does not suffer from scabies, he/she should wear gloves and contact protection measures.6. Reapply the product on areas that were washed during the recommended drug contact time such as hands, diaper area...7. Rinse off the product in the shower after the recommended contact time has gone by.8. All affected individuals and contacts in the household must undergo scabicide treatment (it does not need to be the same drug) within a 24-hour window to prevent reinfections.</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3525817.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mode of application of topical scabicides.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">E, level of evidence; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; R, degree of recommendation.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Active ingredient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Commercial brands \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mechanism of action \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ovicidal activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Therapeutic formulation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dosage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Efficacy and recommendation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adverse events \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pediatric use \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Use in pregnancy and lactation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Price<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">†</span></a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">††</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Permethrin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Perme-cure creamSarcop cream \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">PyrethroidNeurotoxicBlocks Na+ channels \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Doubtful \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5% cream \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical applicationRepeat within 7 to 14 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">First choice in adults (E1a, RA) Equal efficacy to ivermectin (E1a, RA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,85,86</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">High safety profile Dermatitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">First choice > 2 months (E1a, RA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>(safety not established for < 2 months) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">First choice (2b, RB)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0920"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">87</span></a> FDA pregnancy category B. Non-teratogenic in animal models \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70 g: €17.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oral ivermectin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IvergalenIvercare Ivermectin Teva \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Macrocyclic lactone NeurotoxicBlocks Cl- channels \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oral route 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μg/kg<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Single doseRepeat within 7 to 14 daysIngest with fatty food<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">First choice in adults (E1a, RA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,67</span></a>Equal efficacy to permethrin (E1a, RA)More suitable for population-wide treatments<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0865"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">76,77</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Very rare:Neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and Steven-Johnson syndrome \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">First choice for > 15kgIll-advised in < 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg (safety not established) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ill-advised in pregnancy (safety not established) FDA Pregnancy category CTeratogenic in rats \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg × 8 tabs: €34.96 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical ivermectin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Available in magistral formulation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Macrocyclic lactone NeurotoxicBlocks Cl- channels \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1% lotion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical applicationRepeat within 7 to 14 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Similar efficacy to topical permethrin (E1b, RA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0820"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">High safety profile67Dermatitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ill-advised (safety not established) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ill-advised (safety not established) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 mL: €50 (approx.) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sulfur \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Available in magistral formulation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Keratolytic and scabicidal action \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vaseline, emulsion, or 10% and 5% lotion (in patients younger than 1 year) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical application for 3 consecutive daysRepeat cycle after 7 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Contradictory efficacy data<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0915"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">86,88,89</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DermatitisAsteatotic eczema. Common mild adverse eventsNo serious adverse events described \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">First choice in infants < 2 months (E5, RD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Recommended (E5, RD)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">200 g/mL: €50 (approx.) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Benzyl benzoate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Available in magistral formulation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Unknown \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Unknown \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Emulsion or lotion for 1 to 12 years: 5% to10%>12 years: 10% to 25% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical application for 3 consecutive daysRepeat cycle after 7 days \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Comparable efficacy to oral ivermectin (E1b, RA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0920"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">87,90</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Intense dermatitis, conjunctivitis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,86</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ill-advised in patients < 1 year<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0940"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">91</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Recommended in pregnancy (E2b, RB)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0945"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">92</span></a> Ill-advised in lactation (E4, RC)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,93</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">200 mL: €70 (approx.) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3525819.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Dosage table by weight in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">Annex 3</a>.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Recommended to enhance absorption, unlike fasting intake, indicated for other diseases in the technical sheet.10</p>" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0020" "etiqueta" => "†" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Price for the recommended regimen for an adult of average build. In topical preparations, calculated based on 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g per application. Figures from the Spanish Ministry of Health for drugs included in the pharmaceutical provision of the National Health System consulted in September 2023.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0630"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a></p>" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0025" "etiqueta" => "††" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0025">Approximate price calculated based on current documents on billing of magistral formulation from various Health Departments across various Spanish Autonomous Communities.</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0030">Green color: first choice; red color: ill-advised,</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Scabicides available in Spain.</p>" ] ] 8 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0030" "etiqueta" => "Table 6" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at6" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">E, level of evidence; R, grade of recommendation.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical signs</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Visualization of the parasite or its eggs (naked eye, magnifying glass, or dermatoscope) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Symptom \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Itching \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dermatological signs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">- Bluish spots (violaceous macules < 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm on the skin where the parasite fed from)- Erythematous papules- Ochre spots (parasite feces on the host's skin) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3525820.png" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">General guidelines \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Give oral and written information on the disease, its treatment, and control measures (E4, RC). \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Investigate concomitant STIs (E2b, RB).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0955"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">94,95</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Apply treatment to the affected hairy areas (pubis and other affected areas such as perianal, axillae, trunk, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, and mustache). \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Use creams or lotions, preferably over shampoos. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Repeat the treatment within 3 to 7 days (E2b, RB). \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Remove nits with hands or a fine-toothed comb. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Decontaminate fomites (personal clothing, bedding, and towels) by washing in a hot water cycle followed by drying or sealing them in a bag for 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hours. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Review sexual partners from the previous 3 months and treat affected individuals and their sexual partners from the previous month (E4, RC). \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Avoid sharing clothing and bodily contact until the case and sexual partners have completed treatment. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Perform clinical surveillance 1 week after treatment (E2b, RB). \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Criterion for cure: absence of lice and/or viable eggs 1 week after completing treatment. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3525815.png" ] ] 2 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Therapeutic measures</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Recommendation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Drug \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indication \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Application method \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">First-line therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1% permethrin (scalp cream or lotion) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Indicated in all ages and in pregnant or breastfeeding women \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Apply to damp area, rinse off in 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes (E1b, RA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Second-line therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oral ivermectin 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μg/kg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not recommended in pregnancy and children under 15 kg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ingest with fatty food.Repeat dose within 7 to14 days (E5, RD)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0965"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">96</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical 1% ivermectin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Safety not studied in pregnant women or children \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical application. No established regimen for this indication (E5, RD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25% benzyl benzoate lotion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not recommended for children younger than 1 year-old \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical application. No established regimen for this indication (E5, RD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not included in guidelines \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dimethicone \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No studies on pubic lice.Effective in head lice and safe in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and childrenIt is not a pesticide; it works by suffocation. No risk of resistance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Topical application. Regimen not described for this indication \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Shaving \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Efficient, cost-effective, and safeEliminates infestation by removing the lice's natural habitat.May be poorly accepted depending on location (eyelashes...), extent of infestation, and individual preferences \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Removal of the portion of hair that emerges from the skin (it is not necessary to remove it from the root) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Treatment on eyelashes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Smooth petroleum jelly or ophthalmic ointment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No contraindicationsIt acts by suffocation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Apply thick layer, in occlusive dressing (covered), twice daily for 10 days (E5, RD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oral ivermectin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not recommended in pregnancy and children under 15 kg \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Same regimen and evidence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1% permethrin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Safe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Apply with eyes closed, remove in 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>minutes (E5, RD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mechanical removal of lice \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SafeIt may be necessary to trim some eyelashes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Removal with tweezers, visualization with slit lamp.More difficult for nits than hatched lice. Often requires subsequent treatment with petroleum jelly or ointment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Not currently available in Spain for human use \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5% malathion lotion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pyrethrins with topical piperonyl butoxide (E1b, RA)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.2% phenothrin lotion (E1b, RA) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5% to 1% carbaryl (E5, RD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lindane \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3525816.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pubic lice infestation. Diagnosis and control.</p>" ] ] 9 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.pdf" "ficheroTamanyo" => 118764 ] ] 10 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi1010" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc2.pdf" "ficheroTamanyo" => 370806 ] ] 11 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi2010" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc3.pdf" "ficheroTamanyo" => 118583 ] ] 12 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi3010" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc4.pdf" "ficheroTamanyo" => 196472 ] ] 13 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi4010" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc5.pdf" "ficheroTamanyo" => 117861 ] ] 14 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi5010" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc6.pdf" "ficheroTamanyo" => 115965 ] ] 15 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi6010" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:3 [ "fichero" => "mmc7.mp4" "ficheroTamanyo" => 1988582 "Video" => array:2 [ "mp4" => array:5 [ "fichero" => "mmc7.m4v" "poster" => "mmc7.jpg" "tiempo" => 0 "alto" => 0 "ancho" => 0 ] "flv" => array:5 [ "fichero" => "mmc7.flv" "poster" => "mmc7.jpg" "tiempo" => 0 "alto" => 0 "ancho" => 0 ] ] ] ] 16 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi7010" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc8.pdf" "ficheroTamanyo" => 152198 ] ] 17 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202405030648586541" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 38 "Ancho" => 40 "Tamanyo" => 888 ] ] ] 18 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202405030648586542" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 27 "Ancho" => 30 "Tamanyo" => 1083 ] ] ] 19 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202405030648586543" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 38 "Ancho" => 40 "Tamanyo" => 888 ] ] ] 20 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202405030648586544" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 27 "Ancho" => 30 "Tamanyo" => 1083 ] ] ] 21 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202405030648586545" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx3.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 54 "Tamanyo" => 1075 ] ] ] 22 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202405030648586546" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx4.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 25 "Tamanyo" => 676 ] ] ] 23 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202405030648586547" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx4.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 25 "Tamanyo" => 676 ] ] ] 24 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202405030648586548" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 38 "Ancho" => 40 "Tamanyo" => 888 ] ] ] 25 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "202405030648586549" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 27 "Ancho" => 30 "Tamanyo" => 1083 ] ] ] 26 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2024050306485865410" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 38 "Ancho" => 40 "Tamanyo" => 888 ] ] ] 27 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2024050306485865411" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 27 "Ancho" => 30 "Tamanyo" => 1083 ] ] ] 28 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2024050306485865412" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx3.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 54 "Tamanyo" => 1075 ] ] ] 29 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2024050306485865413" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx4.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 25 "Tamanyo" => 676 ] ] ] 30 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2024050306485865414" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx4.jpeg" "Alto" => 28 "Ancho" => 25 "Tamanyo" => 676 ] ] ] 31 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2024050306485865415" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 38 "Ancho" => 40 "Tamanyo" => 888 ] ] ] 32 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2024050306485865416" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 27 "Ancho" => 30 "Tamanyo" => 1083 ] ] ] 33 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "2024050306485865417" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" 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elsevierViewall">We wish to thank Dr. María Rebollo Polo (WHO) and Dr. Ana García de Mingo (IACS), for their external review of this study and their recommendations. Also, we wish to thank Dr. Gerard Carot, medical writer, for his critical review of the manuscript, Pedro Galván Lamet for designing the patient information sheet (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 2</a>), and Jorge Bravo Galván for producing the video (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0160">supplementary data. Annex 6</a>).</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/00017310/0000011500000005/v1_202405030647/S0001731024002047/v1_202405030647/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6238" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Documento de consenso" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00017310/0000011500000005/v1_202405030647/S0001731024002047/v1_202405030647/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA000044&text.app=https://actasdermo.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0001731024002047?idApp=UINPBA000044" ]
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