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aftosis oral recurrente&#44; hidradenitis supurativa&#44; eccema numular y liquen plano&#44; entre otras dermatosis&#46; Sus potenciales usos no solo se limitan al &#225;mbito dermatol&#243;gico&#44; sino que se extienden al deterioro cognitivo&#44; demencia&#44; esquizofrenia y otras enfermedades neurol&#243;gicas o psiqui&#225;tricas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;13</span></a>&#44; colitis ulcerosa&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; obesidad y s&#237;ndrome de ovario poliqu&#237;stico&#44; y al asma o en pacientes con bronquiectasias y fibrosis qu&#237;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;19</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;38&#44;80&#8211;86</span></a>&#46; En este art&#237;culo se revisa el mecanismo de acci&#243;n&#44; farmacocin&#233;tica&#44; perfil de seguridad a largo plazo y especialmente los usos fuera de indicaci&#243;n del roflumilast en dermatolog&#237;a&#46; As&#237; tambi&#233;n&#44; se discuten las enfermedades que potencialmente se podr&#237;an beneficiar de este f&#225;rmaco&#44; dado su mecanismo de acci&#243;n an&#225;logo al de apremilast&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; una revisi&#243;n narrativa de la literatura&#46; Durante mayo y junio de 2023 realizamos b&#250;squedas en Medline y Google Scholar con los t&#233;rminos &#171;roflumilast&#187;&#44; &#171;dermatolog&#237;a&#187;&#44; &#171;piel&#187;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#171;off-label&#187;&#44;</span> &#171;seguridad&#187;&#44; &#171;apremilast&#187;&#44; &#171;fosfodiesterasa&#187;&#44; &#171;fosfodiesterasa 4&#187;&#44; &#171;psoriasis&#187;&#44; &#171;atopia&#187;&#44; &#171;dermatitis at&#243;pica&#187;&#44; &#171;eccema&#187;&#44; &#171;eccema de manos&#187;&#44; &#171;eccema numular&#187;&#44; &#171;&#250;lceras&#187;&#44; &#171;&#250;lceras orales&#187;&#44; &#171;estomatitis aftosa&#187;&#44; &#171;aftosis oral&#187;&#44; &#171;liquen plano&#187;&#44; &#171;dermatitis seborreica&#187;&#44; &#171;hidradenitis&#187;&#44; &#171;hidrosadenitis&#187;&#44; &#171;vit&#237;ligo&#187;&#44; &#171;alopecia areata&#187;&#44; &#171;sarcoidosis&#187;&#44; &#171;Beh&#231;et&#187;&#44; &#171;morfea&#187;&#46; Se realiz&#243; esta b&#250;squeda en castellano y en ingl&#233;s&#46; Los art&#237;culos se cribaron seg&#250;n su resumen y se seleccionaron seg&#250;n su relevancia tras la lectura de los estudios&#46; Igualmente&#44; se realiz&#243; una b&#250;squeda con el t&#233;rmino &#171;roflumilast&#187; en clinicaltrials&#46;gov&#46; Dos autores &#40;MMP y DMC&#41; realizaron la b&#250;squeda y selecci&#243;n de los art&#237;culos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Farmacocin&#233;tica y mecanismo de acci&#243;n del roflumilast</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Farmacocin&#233;tica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;38&#44;41&#44;80&#8211;86</span></a>&#41;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El roflumilast&#44; al ser administrado por v&#237;a oral&#44; se absorbe por completo en el tracto gastrointestinal y presenta una biodisponibilidad de aproximadamente el 80&#37;&#44; con una concentraci&#243;n plasm&#225;tica m&#225;xima alcanzada a la hora despu&#233;s de su administraci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46; En cuanto a su metabolismo&#44; se realiza principalmente de forma hep&#225;tica por los citocromos CYP1A2 y CYP3A4&#44; los cuales transforman el compuesto inicial al metabolito activo roflumilast N-&#243;xido &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#41;&#44; que representa &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90&#37; de la actividad inhibitoria total de roflumilast PDE4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Los metabolitos originales y activos de roflumilast se unen en gran medida a las prote&#237;nas plasm&#225;ticas &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>97&#37;&#41; y tienen un alto volumen de distribuci&#243;n&#44; reflejando una penetraci&#243;n tisular significativa&#46; No requiere ajuste posol&#243;gico en la edad geri&#225;trica o en insuficiencia renal&#46; Los datos cl&#237;nicos con roflumilast en pacientes con insuficiencia hep&#225;tica leve de clase A seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh no son suficientes para recomendar un ajuste de dosis y por ello se debe utilizar con precauci&#243;n en estos individuos&#44; y est&#225; contraindicado en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o severa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46; El N-&#243;xido de roflumilast tiene aproximadamente 10 veces m&#225;s actividad que el f&#225;rmaco original&#46; La semivida plasm&#225;tica de roflumilast y su metabolito activo es de 17 a 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; respectivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Su excreci&#243;n es mayoritariamente renal&#46; Su farmacocin&#233;tica no se afecta por la ingesta de alimentos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; pero s&#237; podr&#237;a afectarse por f&#225;rmacos inhibidores o inductores de CYP1A2 y CYP3A4&#44; como eritromicina&#44; fluconazol&#44; claritromicina o rifampicina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; Se debe recomendar con anticoncepci&#243;n en mujeres de edad f&#233;rtil&#44; evitando los anticonceptivos con gestodeno y etinilestradiol&#44; por presentar un metabolismo compartido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La farmacocin&#233;tica de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; es similar a la del roflumilast oral&#44; teniendo en cuenta la posibilidad de absorci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&#46; T&#243;picamente&#44; presenta una biodisponibilidad de aproximadamente el 1&#44;5&#37;&#46; Tras la aplicaci&#243;n de entre 3 a 6&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g diarios durante 15 d&#237;as&#44; present&#243; una exposici&#243;n media de 72&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>53&#44;1 y 628<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>648<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h ng&#47;ml<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;27</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Mecanismo de acci&#243;n y farmacodin&#225;mica</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El mecanismo de acci&#243;n preciso de roflumilast no es bien conocido &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&#41;&#46; El roflumilast y su metabolito activo&#44; el roflumilast N-&#243;xido&#44; son IPDE4&#44; una de las principales enzimas metabolizadoras del monofosfato de adenosina c&#237;clica &#40;AMPc&#41;&#44; localizada tanto en el tejido pulmonar como en la piel&#44; en el coraz&#243;n&#44; en los ri&#241;ones&#44; en el tracto gastrointestinal y en el sistema nervioso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; A nivel celular&#44; PDE4 convierte el AMPc en monofosfato de adenosina &#40;AMP&#41;&#44; poniendo fin a la mensajer&#237;a celular iniciada por el AMPc<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46; El roflumilast bloquea el efecto de PDE4&#44; produciendo acumulaci&#243;n de AMPc en las c&#233;lulas diana e incremento de se&#241;alizaci&#243;n mediada por esta mol&#233;cula&#46; Esto da lugar a inhibici&#243;n de la quimiotaxis&#44; reducci&#243;n de la infiltraci&#243;n inflamatoria&#44; de la liberaci&#243;n de mediadores inflamatorios y citot&#243;xicos&#44; y de la inflamaci&#243;n en general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; En dermatolog&#237;a&#44; PDE4 est&#225; presente en los queratinocitos epid&#233;rmicos&#44; neutr&#243;filos&#44; c&#233;lulas de Langerhans y linfocitos T<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se han encontrado altos niveles de PDE4 en c&#233;lulas mononucleares de sangre perif&#233;rica de pacientes con psoriasis&#44; as&#237; como alteraciones en la se&#241;alizaci&#243;n del ATP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; La efectividad de roflumilast se fundamenta en la inhibici&#243;n de m&#250;ltiples v&#237;as inflamatorias&#44; ejerciendo una acci&#243;n tanto a nivel epid&#233;rmico en los queratinocitos y las c&#233;lulas de Langerhans como a nivel d&#233;rmico en los neutr&#243;filos&#44; los linfocitos T y los macr&#243;fagos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;33</span></a>&#46; En dermatitis at&#243;pica&#44; la hiperactivaci&#243;n de PDE4 induce una respuesta inflamatoria con polarizaci&#243;n hacia la v&#237;a Th2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#46; De forma espec&#237;fica&#44; el AMPc presenta acciones inmunosupresoras y antiinflamatorias mediadas en gran parte por el factor nuclear-&#954;&#223;&#44; clave para la acci&#243;n de m&#250;ltiples citoquinas&#44; entre ellas el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa &#40;TNF-&#945;&#41; o las interleucinas &#40;IL&#41; 1&#44; 2&#44; 8&#44; 12&#44; 18&#44; 23&#44; 27 o 36<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a>&#46; Las m&#250;ltiples v&#237;as de se&#241;alizaci&#243;n mediadas por PDE4 sugieren que su bloqueo puede ser &#250;til en el manejo de m&#250;ltiples dermatosis&#44; como la hidradenitis supurativa&#44; estomatitis aftosa recurrente o liquen plano<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Perfil de seguridad</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En general&#44; roflumilast es bien tolerado y presenta un excelente perfil de seguridad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; En los ensayos cl&#237;nicos &#40;EC&#41; con roflumilast en EPOC y bronquitis cr&#243;nica&#44; los efectos adversos &#40;EA&#41; m&#225;s frecuentes fueron la diarrea &#40;8-9&#37;&#41;&#44; la p&#233;rdida de peso &#40;6-12&#37;&#41; y las n&#225;useas &#40;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Se report&#243; un 5-8&#37; de casos de nasofaringitis y un 4&#37; de infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior&#44; aunque de forma similar al grupo placebo&#46; Los EA se produjeron principalmente en las primeras semanas de tratamiento y la mayor&#237;a fueron autolimitados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Un metaan&#225;lisis report&#243; una mayor tasa de EA en el grupo de roflumilast 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a vs&#46; placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&#46; Un 15&#37; suspendi&#243; el tratamiento por EA &#40;vs&#46; el 9&#37; con placebo&#41;&#46; Los motivos m&#225;s frecuentes para retirar el f&#225;rmaco fueron la diarrea y las n&#225;useas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Estos primeros an&#225;lisis&#44; reportaron adem&#225;s mayores tasas de pancreatitis aguda&#44; s&#237;ntomas psiqui&#225;tricos e incluso c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata&#44; pulmonar y colorrectal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estos primeros datos no pudieron ser comprobados posteriormente e incluso se ha propuesto su uso como adyuvante en el tratamiento de diversas neoplasias&#44; como las pulmonares o el linfoma B difuso de c&#233;lulas grandes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38&#44;39</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En relaci&#243;n con la p&#233;rdida de peso&#44; su incidencia fue casi el doble &#40;67&#44;4 vs&#46; 37&#44;7&#37;&#41; en el grupo de roflumilast&#44; y la p&#233;rdida de peso importante&#44; definida como &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#37; sobre el peso basal&#44; fue encontrada en el 7&#44;1&#37; del grupo de tratamiento vs&#46; 1&#44;9&#37; en el grupo control<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#44; y estuvo asociada a una mejor&#237;a del perfil metab&#243;lico gluc&#237;dico y constituye un arma terap&#233;utica potencial para la obesidad&#44; la resistencia a la insulina y el s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0630"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;41</span></a>&#46; Los s&#237;ntomas psiqui&#225;tricos incluidos en los primeros estudios fueron la ansiedad&#44; la depresi&#243;n y el insomnio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estudios posteriores han evidenciado que este riesgo es m&#237;nimo e incluso podr&#237;a constituir un f&#225;rmaco prometedor para el tratamiento del deterioro cognitivo&#44; la enfermedad de Alzheimer o la esquizofrenia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;10&#44;42</span></a>&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; se ha cuestionado la mayor incidencia de fibrilaci&#243;n auricular en pacientes con roflumilast oral&#46; Este hecho se basa en su mayor incidencia en el grupo de roflumilast oral &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41; vs&#46; placebo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41; en ensayos pre-comercializaci&#243;n&#46; Sin embargo&#44; posteriormente no ha podido comprobarse en pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica real&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; los resultados de la monitorizaci&#243;n del electrocardiograma Holter de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de 55 pacientes no demostraron diferencias entre los grupos en la frecuencia cardiaca ni en la aparici&#243;n de arritmias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos de seguridad a largo plazo con los IPDE4 y&#44; espec&#237;ficamente con roflumilast&#44; son igualmente favorables sin reportar nuevos EA ni EA acumulativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0650"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#44;45</span></a>&#46; Tampoco se han descrito en enfermedades con m&#225;s experiencia con este f&#225;rmaco como es el EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&#46; Actualmente se encuentra en marcha un EC para evaluar la seguridad de roflumilast oral a largo plazo en la EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos de seguridad con roflumilast t&#243;pico son igualmente favorables&#44; con EA graves excepcionales dada su m&#237;nima absorci&#243;n &#40;biodisponibilidad del 1-2&#37;&#41;&#46; Los m&#225;s frecuentes son diarrea &#40;3-4&#37;&#41; y cefalea &#40;2-4&#37;&#41;&#44; seguidas de insomnio&#44; n&#225;useas&#44; escozor o dolor en el sitio de aplicaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;27</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Indicaciones aprobadas en dermatolog&#237;a</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El uso de roflumilast oral est&#225; aprobado por la FDA &#40;no por la EMA&#41; para el tratamiento t&#243;pico de la psoriasis en placas y de la dermatitis seborreica leve&#47;moderada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7&#44;27</span></a>&#46; El primer reporte de roflumilast en psoriasis en placas data de 2017&#44; cuando Michels et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> describieron un caso con psoriasis y EPOC concomitante&#44; en el cual se observ&#243; mejor&#237;a de las lesiones cut&#225;neas durante el tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar con roflumilast oral&#46; En 2020&#44; Papp et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> reportaron el primer ensayo cl&#237;nico &#40;EC&#41; fase I&#47;IIa donde se alcanz&#243; una respuesta en psoriasis en placas con roflumilast t&#243;pico del 0&#44;5 y 0&#44;15&#37; superior al placebo&#46; Los EC DERMIS-1 y DERMIS-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> sentaron la aprobaci&#243;n de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; por parte de la FDA en el tratamiento de la psoriasis en placas&#44; alcanzando el 42&#44;4&#37; de los casos el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Investigator&#39;s Global Assessment Scale</span> &#40;IGA&#41; objetivo &#40;aclaramiento total o mejor&#237;a en IGA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 puntos sobre el basal&#41; vs&#46; el 6&#44;1&#37; en el grupo control &#40;DERMIS-1&#41;&#59; y el 37&#44;5&#37; el IGA objetivo vs&#46; un 6&#44;9&#37; en el grupo control &#40;DERMIS-2&#41;&#46; El perfil de seguridad fue favorable en ambos estudios&#44; siendo los EA m&#225;s frecuentes las molestias gastrointestinales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0815"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">77</span></a>&#46; Recientemente se han publicado dos EC fase IIb<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0680"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a> y fase III<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> donde se demuestra la eficacia de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; en el prurito y descanso nocturno&#44; y en el cuero cabelludo&#44; respectivamente &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7&#44;27&#44;49&#44;50&#44;78&#44;79&#44;82</span></a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La aprobaci&#243;n por la FDA de roflumilast t&#243;pico en dermatitis seborreica se realiz&#243; en abril de 2023&#44; tras la publicaci&#243;n de los resultados de un EC en fase IIa multic&#233;ntrico y controlado con placebo&#44; que evaluaba la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast al 0&#44;3&#37; en 226 pacientes con dermatitis seborreica &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 meses duraci&#243;n y con un IGA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 &#40;&#8805; moderado&#41; con afectaci&#243;n &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#37; de la superficie corporal&#44; incluyendo cuero cabelludo&#44; cara&#44; tronco y &#225;reas intertriginosas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Se alcanz&#243; el IGA objetivo &#40;aclaramiento &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 respecto al basal&#41; en el 73&#44;8&#37; de individuos con roflumilast&#44; vs&#46; 40&#44;9&#37; en el grupo control &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La diferencia fue significativa desde la semana 2 de tratamiento&#46; No se registr&#243; una tasa superior de EA en el grupo de roflumilast comparado con en el grupo control&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Uso del roflumilast fuera de indicaci&#243;n en dermatolog&#237;a</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Encontramos en la literatura diversos estudios sobre el uso fuera de aprobaci&#243;n de roflumilast en dermatolog&#237;a&#44; la mayor&#237;a peque&#241;as series o EC iniciales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;48&#44;51&#8211;53&#44;56&#8211;63</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;87</span>&#41;&#46; Encontramos 4 estudios cl&#237;nicos sobre roflumilast t&#243;pico&#44; todos ellos EC&#46; En dermatitis at&#243;pica&#44; un EC fase IIa &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41; no alcanz&#243; los objetivos propuestos con roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; placebo a las 16 semanas&#46; El objetivo primario era la proporci&#243;n de pacientes que lograban una reducci&#243;n de al menos un 75&#37; en el &#237;ndice de gravedad del eccema de manos &#40;HECSI75&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0685"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&#46; Otro EC aleatorizado fase IIa posterior &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>136&#41; demostr&#243; una mejor&#237;a en el EASI a las 12 semanas con roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;15&#37;&#44; superior a la obtenida con la concentraci&#243;n al 0&#44;05&#37; y superior a placebo&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estos resultados no resultaron estad&#237;sticamente significativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#46; Se encuentran en proceso de realizaci&#243;n 2 EC que analizan el efecto de roflumilast t&#243;pico en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a> y otro en ros&#225;cea p&#225;pulopustulosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0700"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46; El EC en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>230&#41; es una fase IIa que eval&#250;a la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3 vs&#46; 0&#44;1&#37; y vs&#46; placebo&#44; evaluados a la semana 12&#46; Por su parte&#44; el EC en ros&#225;cea p&#225;pulopustulosa es una fase II completado &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41; y pendiente de publicaci&#243;n&#44; que eval&#250;a la eficacia de roflumilast al 0&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; placebo&#46; Recientemente&#44; un estudio precl&#237;nico encontr&#243; mayores niveles de PDE4 en la piel de pacientes con vit&#237;ligo&#46; Tras la aplicaci&#243;n de roflumilast t&#243;pico se observ&#243; una reducci&#243;n de los niveles de PDE4 y mejor&#237;a parcial de las lesiones cut&#225;neas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0705"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a roflumilast oral fuera de ficha t&#233;cnica&#44; encontramos 4 art&#237;culos sobre su uso en psoriasis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;48&#44;56&#44;57</span></a>&#41;&#46; El grupo de Gyldenl&#248;ve et al&#46; ha reportado recientemente su eficacia en psoriasis en placas a dosis de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a en un EC fase III &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#41; vs&#46; placebo&#44; alcanzando en la semana 12 un 35&#37; del grupo intervenci&#243;n el PASI 75 vs&#46; 13&#37; del grupo placebo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;014&#41;&#46; Se reportaron EA mayoritariamente leves<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&#46; Recientemente&#44; el mismo grupo public&#243; los resultados con roflumilast oral en el primer paciente con psoriasis al que se le indic&#243; este f&#225;rmaco&#44; un var&#243;n de 48 a&#241;os con una psoriasis en placas refractaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> y posteriormente&#44; public&#243; la respuesta a largo plazo &#40;18 meses&#41; de este individuo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46; Se ha descrito su utilidad en otro caso cl&#237;nico&#58; un var&#243;n de 59 a&#241;os en el que se trat&#243; simult&#225;neamente su EPOC y su psoriasis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a>&#46; En ambos casos&#44; se emple&#243; roflumilast a dosis de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a y no se reportaron efectos adversos destacables&#46; Al margen de la psoriasis&#44; encontramos 5 art&#237;culos publicados sobre roflumilast oral en enfermedad dermatol&#243;gica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58&#8211;62</span></a>&#41;&#58; una serie de casos y 4 casos cl&#237;nicos aislados&#44; la mayor&#237;a de estos reportados por un mismo centro asistencial de Dinamarca&#46; Ring et al&#46; describieron un caso de hidradenitis supurativa refractaria con afectaci&#243;n axilar y fallo a adalimumab e infliximab&#44; con una buena respuesta cl&#237;nica con roflumilast a las 12 semanas&#44; y con p&#233;rdida de peso asociada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46; Gyldenl&#248;ve et al&#46; reportaron 2 casos de aftosis oral recurrente tratados con roflumilast oral 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&#44; que presentaron una respuesta adecuada y muy r&#225;pida&#44; a partir las 2-3 semanas&#44; y que se ha mantenido a los 3 meses de tratamiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46; Igualmente&#44; describieron un caso de eccema numular con fallo a m&#250;ltiples tratamientos&#44; que alcanz&#243; una respuesta precoz y mantenida con roflumilast oral&#44; sin efectos adversos rese&#241;ables<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0730"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>&#46; Al igual que en un caso de liquen plano oral erosivo refractario a tratamientos de primera l&#237;nea y dependiente de corticoides sist&#233;micos&#46; El roflumilast oral permiti&#243; reducir la dosis de prednisona a 2&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#237;a a los 3 meses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#46; Un grupo espa&#241;ol report&#243; recientemente un caso de enfermedad de Beh&#231;et refractaria tratada exitosamente con roflumilast 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&#44; sin efectos adversos significativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; se encuentra en fase de reclutamiento un EC en fase IV &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41; con roflumilast oral a dosis de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a vs&#46; placebo en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0745"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Dermatosis que potencialmente podr&#237;an beneficiarse del roflumilast</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dado el mecanismo de acci&#243;n similar a apremilast&#44; y por la posibilidad de presentar en ellas la PDE4 elevada&#44; m&#250;ltiples dermatosis en las que se ha utilizado fuera de indicaci&#243;n este f&#225;rmaco podr&#237;an beneficiarse del roflumilast oral o t&#243;pico &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">tabla 6</a>&#41;&#46; Entre ellas&#44; encontramos dermatosis eminentemente autoinmunes como el vit&#237;ligo o la alopecia areata<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; enfermedades eritematodescamativas similares a la psoriasis como la pitiriasis <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rubra pilaris</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0750"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a> o el s&#237;ndrome de Sneddon-Wilkinson<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0755"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a>&#44; enfermedades ampollosas como el p&#233;nfigo vulgar o la epiderm&#243;lisis bullosa adquirida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; genodermatosis como el p&#233;nfigo benigno familiar &#40;enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0760"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a> o las ictiosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Otras enfermedades en las que apremilast puede ser &#250;til son la hidradenitis supurativa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0765"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67</span></a>&#44; el liquen plano cut&#225;neo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0770"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">68</span></a> o en otras dermatitis liquenoides y de interfase<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0775"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&#44; lupus eritematoso cut&#225;neo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0780"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a> o sarcoidosis cut&#225;nea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0785"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a>&#46; De especial inter&#233;s puede ser su aplicaci&#243;n en la morfea&#44; una enfermedad relativamente frecuente y donde los IPDE4 han demostrado reducir la fibrosis d&#233;rmica y&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; se han registrado buenos resultados con apremilast en esta entidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0790"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">72&#8211;74</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El manejo de dermatosis inflamatorias moderadas o graves requiere frecuentemente el empleo de inmunomoduladores o inmunosupresores&#44; a menudo usados fuera de indicaci&#243;n en dermatolog&#237;a&#46; Pese al aumento que suponen de nuestro arsenal las mol&#233;culas peque&#241;as y los agentes biol&#243;gicos&#44; existe la necesidad de contar con nuevas terapias inmunomoduladoras de menor coste y buen perfil de seguridad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0805"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">75&#8211;77</span></a>&#46; Una gran ventaja del roflumilast es su bajo coste&#58; en Espa&#241;a de alrededor de 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#47;mes en la formulaci&#243;n oral de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a e igualmente econ&#243;mico en otros pa&#237;ses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46; De hecho&#44; su precio es inferior al de inmunosupresores cl&#225;sicos como la ciclosporina oral o el metotrexato subcut&#225;neo&#46; Una segunda ventaja es su excelente perfil de seguridad&#44; con escasas contraindicaciones&#44; y EA en su mayor&#237;a gastrointestinales&#44; muy similar a lo reportado con apremilast&#46; En cuanto a EA graves&#44; aunque todav&#237;a una relaci&#243;n no esclarecida&#44; se ha asociado a roflumilast con fibrilaci&#243;n auricular&#46; Igualmente&#44; su relaci&#243;n con el suicidio es controvertida y no ha sido replicada en estudios posteriores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#44;43</span></a>&#46; Es un f&#225;rmaco con &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 a&#241;os en el mercado&#44; en los cuales no se han descrito nuevos EA&#44; ni efectos acumulativos delet&#233;reos derivados de su uso continuado en el tiempo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0650"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#44;45</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; los EA gastrointestinales pueden ser muy molestos y llevar a la suspensi&#243;n del f&#225;rmaco a un n&#250;mero significativo de pacientes&#44; por lo que es fundamental su titulaci&#243;n adecuada&#44; con un incremento progresivo de la dosis&#46; En general&#44; se recomienda su inicio a dosis de 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a con o sin alimentos y siempre a la misma hora del d&#237;a&#46; Si la respuesta es adecuada y no hay EA destacables&#44; se debe escalar a la dosis &#243;ptima de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&#46; Se ha ensayado su uso hasta un a&#241;o&#44; aunque puede mantenerse a criterio m&#233;dico por m&#225;s tiempo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dentro de las ventajas de roflumilast tambi&#233;n se encuentran su c&#243;moda posolog&#237;a y la posibilidad de doble aplicaci&#243;n t&#243;pica y oral<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0820"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">78</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; puede producir baja de peso asociada a una mejor&#237;a del perfil metab&#243;lico y de la resistencia a insulina&#44; por lo que podr&#237;a ser ideal para pacientes con dermatosis y sobrepeso&#44; como en pacientes hidradenitis supurativa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; esto requiere ser demostrado en estudios prospectivos con un seguimiento adecuado&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a su uso t&#243;pico&#44; el roflumilast debe emplearse una vez al d&#237;a&#44; aplicando una peque&#241;a capa sobre la piel afectada&#46; A&#250;n no est&#225; disponible en Espa&#241;a&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Su aplicaci&#243;n en dermatolog&#237;a es paralela a los estudios previos con apremilast&#44; otro IPDE4 con una afinidad similar a la PDE4 y sin una mayor frecuencia de efectos secundarios&#44; si bien no hay estudios que comparen este perfil de EA entre apremilast y roflumilast<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0825"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">79</span></a>&#46; En nuestra revisi&#243;n hemos encontrado que el roflumilast se ha empleado fuera de ficha t&#233;cnica en su presentaci&#243;n oral en diversas dermatosis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;48&#44;51&#8211;54&#44;57&#8211;63</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;87</span>&#41;&#44; entre ellas la psoriasis&#44; hidradenitis supurativa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#44; aftosis oral recurrente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#44; enfermedad de Beh&#231;et<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#44; liquen erosivo oral<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a> y eccema numular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0730"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; su analog&#237;a farmacocin&#233;tica y farmacodin&#225;mica con apremilast permite hipotetizar que puede ser &#250;til en m&#250;ltiples enfermedades cut&#225;neas&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la evidencia es a&#250;n muy limitada para hacer recomendaciones al respecto&#46; Probablemente&#44; en a&#241;os venideros ser&#225;n aprobadas nuevas indicaciones de roflumilast oral o t&#243;pico en dermatolog&#237;a&#44; y es necesaria la familiarizaci&#243;n de los dermat&#243;logos con este f&#225;rmaco&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Limitaciones</span></span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La presente revisi&#243;n tiene la limitaci&#243;n de ser narrativa y no una revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica o metaan&#225;lisis&#46; Asimismo&#44; muchos de los estudios incluidos&#44; especialmente en los usos fuera de indicaci&#243;n del roflumilast son series de casos&#44; o tienen muestras peque&#241;as&#44; o un dise&#241;o retrospectivo&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; sus potenciales usos son extrapolados de apremilast por analog&#237;a farmacocin&#233;tica y farmacodin&#225;mica&#46; Todos estos factores dificultan la generalizaci&#243;n de los hallazgos informados y sus conclusiones&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusiones</span></span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Roflumilast es un f&#225;rmaco aprobado en dermatolog&#237;a de forma t&#243;pica para el tratamiento de la psoriasis en placas y la dermatitis seborreica leve&#47;moderada&#46; Existen reportes y estudios en su mayor&#237;a de peque&#241;o tama&#241;o que avalan la utilidad del roflumilast oral en psoriasis&#44; hidradenitis supurativa&#44; aftosis oral recurrente&#44; eccema numular o liquen plano&#44; entre otros&#46; Su perfil de seguridad es muy favorable&#44; es de bajo coste y est&#225; ampliamente disponible&#46; Son necesarios nuevos estudios controlados que eval&#250;en su eficacia en dermatosis inflamatorias&#44; y permitan instaurar nuevas indicaciones aprobadas para esta prometedora mol&#233;cula&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1792324"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Roflumilast"
            1 => "Dermatology"
            2 => "Psoriasis"
            3 => "Apremilast"
            4 => "Phosphodiesterase"
            5 => "Off-label"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Roflumilast es un inhibidor de la fosfodiesterasa-4 aprobado de forma oral para la prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica y fenotipo de bronquitis cr&#243;nica&#46; En dermatolog&#237;a&#44; el roflumilast t&#243;pico est&#225; aprobado por la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Food and Drug Administration</span> en psoriasis en placas y dermatitis seborreica leve&#47;moderada&#46; En cuanto a su uso fuera de indicaci&#243;n&#44; hemos encontrado un ensayo cl&#237;nico que avala la utilidad del roflumilast oral en psoriasis&#44; as&#237; como peque&#241;as series de casos o casos cl&#237;nicos aislados en hidradenitis supurativa&#44; aftosis oral recurrente&#44; eccema numular&#44; liquen plano y enfermedad de Beh&#231;et&#46; Su perfil de seguridad es favorable&#44; similar al del apremilast&#44; y su coste es considerablemente inferior a los de los f&#225;rmacos de nueva generaci&#243;n&#44; o incluso al de algunos inmunosupresores cl&#225;sicos&#46; Presentamos una revisi&#243;n de roflumilast t&#243;pico y oral&#44; en t&#233;rminos de farmacocin&#233;tica y farmacodin&#225;mica&#44; efectos adversos&#44; usos dermatol&#243;gicos aprobados y fuera de indicaci&#243;n&#46; Roflumilast es un agente prometedor en dermatolog&#237;a&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Oral roflumilast is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor approved for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis&#46; In dermatology&#44; topical roflumilast is authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and mild to moderate seborrheic dermatitis&#46; Several studies have described the off-label use of roflumilast in dermatology&#44; including a randomized controlled trial showing its usefulness in the treatment of psoriasis&#59; case reports and small series have also reported successful outcomes in hidradenitis suppurativa&#44; recurrent oral aphthosis&#44; nummular eczema&#44; lichen planus&#44; and Beh&#231;et disease&#46; Roflumilast has a favorable safety profile&#44; similar to that of apremilast&#44; and it is considerably cheaper than new generation drugs and even some conventional immunosuppressants&#46; We review the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of topical and oral roflumilast and discuss potential adverse effects and both approved and off-label uses in dermatology&#46; Roflumilast is a promising agent to consider&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:9 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estructura bioqu&#237;mica de roflumilast &#40;A&#41; y su metabolito activo&#44; el N-&#243;xido roflumilast &#40;B&#41;&#46; N&#243;tese la adici&#243;n en la forma activa de un radical ox&#237;geno en uno de los anillos hexagonales perif&#233;ricos y el detrimento de un prot&#243;n en el anillo medio &#40;detalle en color rojo&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mecanismo de acci&#243;n de roflumilast&#46; Los inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa inducen una acumulaci&#243;n del AMPc intracelular al interferir con su degradaci&#243;n&#46; El aumento de la concentraci&#243;n intracelular de AMPc da lugar a una inhibici&#243;n de la quimiotaxis&#44; a una menor infiltraci&#243;n inflamatoria&#44; una disminuci&#243;n de la liberaci&#243;n de mediadores inflamatorios y citot&#243;xicos&#44; reduciendo as&#237; la inflamaci&#243;n&#46;</p> <p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AC&#58; adenilato ciclasa&#59; 5&#8217;-AMP&#58; 5&#8217;-adenylic acid&#59; ATF&#58; activating transcription factor 1&#59; ATP&#58; adenos&#237;n trifosfato&#59; Bcl-6&#58; B-cell lymphoma protein 6&#59; c-AMP&#58; cyclic adenosine monophosphate&#59; CREB&#58; cAMP responsive element&#59; Egr-1&#58; early growth response protein 1&#59; Elk-1&#58; E-26-like protein 1&#59; ERK&#58; extracellular signal-regulated kinase&#59; GPCR&#58; G protein-coupled receptors&#59; IKK&#58; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta&#59; MAPK&#58; mitogen-activated protein kinases&#59; NFKB&#58; nuclear factor KB&#59; PDE4&#58; phosphodiesterase type 4&#59; PG&#58; G protein&#59; PKA&#58; protein kinase A&#59; Raf&#58; rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma protein kinases&#59; RTK&#58; receptor tyrosine kinases&#59; IPDE-4&#58; inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BC&#58; bronquitis cr&#243;nica&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Manifestaciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Enfermedad y objetivo que analizar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tipo de estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Referencia principal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pulmonares</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones de EPOC fenotipo BC &#40;&#250;nica aprobaci&#243;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados completados &#40;fase IV&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="ctgov:NCT00297102">NCT00297102</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0010" href="ctgov:NCT00297115">NCT00297115</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones de asma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados completados &#40;fase III&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0015" href="ctgov:NCT01365533">NCT01365533</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en s&#237;ndrome de solapamiento EPOC-asma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n narrativa de la literatura&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reducci&#243;n de la tos cr&#243;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados completados &#40;fase IV&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0020" href="ctgov:NCT01443845">NCT01443845</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones en bronquiectasias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados completados &#40;fase III&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0025" href="ctgov:NCT01580748">NCT01580748</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alivio en infecci&#243;n sintom&#225;tica por coronavirus-19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n narrativa de la literatura&#46; No registrado en clinicaltrials&#46;gov&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Oncol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en asociaci&#243;n a quimioterapia convencional en linfoma B difuso de c&#233;lulas grandes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> con animales &#40;fase I&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0030" href="ctgov:NCT03458546">NCT03458546</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Traumatol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Optimizaci&#243;n de la deambulaci&#243;n en lesiones en m&#233;dula espinal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> con animales &#40;fase I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0830"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">80</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neurol&#243;gicas y psiqui&#225;tricas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reducci&#243;n del deterioro cognitivo y enfermedad de Alzheimer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados en proceso de realizaci&#243;n &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0035" href="ctgov:NCT04658654">NCT04658654</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a de la esquizofrenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados en proceso de realizaci&#243;n &#40;fase I&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0040" href="ctgov:NCT02079844">NCT02079844</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de sintomatolog&#237;a depresiva en adyuvancia con otros antidepresivos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados en proceso de realizaci&#243;n &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0045" href="ctgov:NCT04751071">NCT04751071</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reducci&#243;n de la neuropat&#237;a perif&#233;rica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0050" href="ctgov:NCT05884281">NCT05884281</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en s&#237;ndrome de X fr&#225;gil en comparaci&#243;n con baclofeno y metformina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado no completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0055" href="ctgov:NCT05163808">NCT05163808</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de consumo en&#243;lico <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase I&#41;No registrado en clinicaltrials&#46;gov&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Digestivas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Posibilidad de reducci&#243;n de brotes de colitis ulcerosa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico en proceso de realizaci&#243;n &#40;fase I&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0060" href="ctgov:NCT05684484">NCT05684484</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0835"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">81</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluaci&#243;n de roflumilast vs&#46; pioglitazona en esteatohepatitis no alcoh&#243;lica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0065" href="ctgov:NCT01703260">NCT01703260</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0840"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">82</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Endocrinol&#243;gicas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empleo de roflumilast en diabetes tipo II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0070" href="ctgov:NCT01140542">NCT01140542</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0845"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">83</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de los niveles de insulina y de glucosa en pacientes prediab&#233;ticos obesos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0075" href="ctgov:NCT01862029">NCT01862029</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0635"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en s&#237;ndrome ovario poliqu&#237;stico en comparaci&#243;n con metformina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase IV&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0080" href="ctgov:NCT02037672">NCT02037672</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0850"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">84</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de la neuropat&#237;a diab&#233;tica en comparaci&#243;n con &#225;cido alfa-lipoico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase III&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0085" href="ctgov:NCT05369793">NCT05369793</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0855"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">85</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Renales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en par&#225;metros anal&#237;ticos de nefropat&#237;a diab&#233;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase III&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0090" href="ctgov:NCT04755946">NCT04755946</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0860"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">86</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#205;tem&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Indicaciones aprobadas por la FDA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones de EPOC fenotipo BC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis en placasDermatitis seborreica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Farmacocin&#233;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Biodisponibilidad oral&#58; 80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Posibilidad de absorci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Vida media&#58; entre 17 y 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Vida media alrededor de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Metabolismo&#58; casi exclusivamente hep&#225;tico&#46; Conversi&#243;n a metabolito activo N-&#243;xido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Metabolismo&#58; casi exclusivamente hep&#225;tico&#46; Conversi&#243;n a metabolito activo N-&#243;xido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Excreci&#243;n&#58; 70&#37; renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Excreci&#243;n&#58; cut&#225;nea y la porci&#243;n absorbida sist&#233;mica&#44; mayor parte renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a durante 28 d&#237;as seguido de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a de mantenimiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aplicaci&#243;n de una capa fina en lesiones afectadas&#46; Aprobado a concentraci&#243;n del 0&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Administraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Oral con o sin comida&#44; con un poco de agua&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Una aplicaci&#243;n &#40;capa fina&#41; al d&#237;a&#46; Evitar en regi&#243;n ocular&#44; oral o intravaginal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Contraindicaciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipersensibilidad al principio activo o alguno de sus excipientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#46; Insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o grave &#40;clase B o C seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipersensibilidad al principio activo o alguno de sus excipientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#46; Insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o grave &#40;clase B o C seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Interacciones farmacol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Principal metabolismo por citocromos CYP3A4 y CYP1A2&#46; Puede requerir ajuste de dosis en pacientes con inductores o inhibidores de estos citocromos&#46; El empleo de contracepci&#243;n con gestodeno y etinilestradiol puede aumentar su toxicidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Principal metabolismo por citocromos CYP3A4 y CYP1A2&#46; Puede requerir ajuste de dosis en pacientes con inductores o inhibidores de estos citocromos&#46; El empleo de contracepci&#243;n con gestodeno y etinilestradiol puede aumentar su toxicidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ajuste en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Precauci&#243;n en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica leve &#40;clase A seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh&#41; y contraindicado en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o grave &#40;clase B o C&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Precauci&#243;n en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica leve &#40;clase A seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh&#41; y contraindicado en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o grave &#40;clase B o C&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ajuste en insuficiencia renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No requiere de ajuste de dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No requiere de ajuste de dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ajuste en edad avanzada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No requiere de ajuste de dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No requiere de ajuste de dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embarazo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Los datos sobre el uso de roflumilast en mujeres embarazadas son limitados&#46; Los estudios realizados en animales han mostrado toxicidad para la reproducci&#243;n&#44; por lo que no se recomienda su uso en embarazadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Los datos sobre el uso de roflumilast en mujeres embarazadas son limitados&#46; Los estudios realizados en animales han mostrado toxicidad para la reproducci&#243;n&#44; por lo que no se recomienda su uso en embarazadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anticoncepci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Las mujeres en edad f&#233;rtil deben utilizar m&#233;todos anticonceptivos efectivos durante el tratamiento&#46; Evitar gestodeno y etinilestradiol<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Podr&#237;a considerarse si es preciso&#46; Evitar gestodeno y etinilestradiol<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lactancia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Los datos farmacocin&#233;ticos disponibles en animales muestran que roflumilast o sus metabolitos se excretan en la leche por lo que no se recomienda su uso en embarazadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Posible&#46; Evitar aplicaci&#243;n en regi&#243;n mamaria durante su aplicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pedi&#225;trica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aprobado en &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 a&#241;os&#46; No hemos encontrado estudios que eval&#250;en su eficacia en &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aprobado en &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 a&#241;os&#46; No estudios eval&#250;en su eficacia en &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Monitorizaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Peri&#243;dicas revisiones de cambios de peso y estado de &#225;nimo &#40;cada 3-6 meses&#41;&#46; No especificaci&#243;n de realizaci&#243;n de anal&#237;tica durante el seguimiento por la FDA y la EMA&#46; Recomendable anal&#237;tica previa si se sospecha de insuficiencia hep&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sin necesidad de monitorizaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab3479556.png"
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          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">La hipersensibilidad no est&#225; recogida por la FDA&#44; s&#237; por la CIMA&#47;AEMPS&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">En un estudio de interacci&#243;n con un anticonceptivo oral que conten&#237;a gestodeno y etinilestradiol&#44; la actividad inhibidora total de la PDE4 aument&#243; en un 17&#37;&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas del roflumilast</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#8212;&#58; no descritas o reportes anecd&#243;ticos&#59; AST&#58; aspartato-aminotransferasa&#59; CPK&#58; creatina fosfoquinasa GGT&#58; gamma-glutamiltransferasa&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">FrecuenciaClasificaci&#243;nde &#243;rganos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frecuentes &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;100 a &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;10&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Poco frecuentes &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;1&#46;000 a &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;100&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Raras &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;10&#46;000 a &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;1&#46;000&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast t&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast t&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast t&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos del sistema inmunol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipersensibilidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipersensibilidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Urticaria y angioedema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Urticaria y angioedema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos endocrinos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ginecomastia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos delmetabolismo y de la nutrici&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de pesoApetito disminuido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de pesoApetito disminuido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos psiqui&#225;tricos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Insomnio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AnsiedadInsomnio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Insomnio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ideaci&#243;n y comportamiento suicidas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>Depresi&#243;n NerviosismoCrisis de angustia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos del sistema nervioso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cefalea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cefalea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TemblorV&#233;rtigoMareos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TemblorV&#233;rtigoMareos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disgeusia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos cardiacos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Palpitaciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos respiratorios&#44; tor&#225;cicos y mediastinales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecciones del tracto respiratorio &#40;excluidala neumon&#237;a&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecciones del tracto respiratorio &#40;excluidala neumon&#237;a&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos urinarios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecciones urinarias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecciones urinarias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos gastrointestinales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DiarreaN&#225;useasDolor abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DiarreaN&#225;useasDolor abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">GastritisV&#243;mitosReflujo gastroesof&#225;gicoDispepsia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hematoquecia Estre&#241;imiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos hepatobiliares&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">GGT y AST elevadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos de la piel y del tejido subcut&#225;neo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Escozor en lugar de aplicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Erupci&#243;n maculopapular inespec&#237;fica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dolor en lugar de aplicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Urticaria y angioedema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Urticaria y angioedema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos muculoesquel&#233;ticos y del tejido conjuntivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espasmos musculares y debilidadMialgiaDolor de espalda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CPK en sangre elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos generales y alteraciones en el lugar de la administraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Malestar general AsteniaFatiga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">En los ensayos cl&#237;nicos y en la vigilancia tras la comercializaci&#243;n se notificaron casos infrecuentes de ideaci&#243;n y comportamiento suicida incluyendo suicidio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#44;43</span></a>&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Efectos adversos descritos de roflumilast</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; IGA&#58; Investigator&#39;s Global Assessment Scale&#59; PSSI&#58; Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index&#59; RS&#58; Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica&#59;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dermatosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&#241;o&#44; autores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tipo de estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Objetivos del estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resultados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis en placas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Kircik L et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">304&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase IIb&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico 0&#44;3&#37; vs&#46; placebo en psoriasis en placas de cuerpo y cuero cabelludo durante 8 semanas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Un n&#250;mero significativamente mayor de pacientes tratados con roflumilast &#40;59&#44;1&#37;&#41; que pacientes tratados con veh&#237;culo &#40;11&#44;4&#37;&#41; lograron el IGA objetivo en cuero cabelludo en semana 8 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; Tambi&#233;n mejor&#237;a significativa en objetivos secundarios&#58; IGA corporal&#44; escala de picor en cuero cabelludo y PSSI del cuero cabelludo&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Thurston Jr et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0840"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">82</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n con 495 pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio postensayo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio postensayo de varios ensayos cl&#237;nicos fase II donde se evaluaron las caracter&#237;sticas farmacocin&#233;ticas de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; en psoriasis en placas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Biodisponibilidad sist&#233;mica del 1&#44;5&#37;&#46; Concentraci&#243;n en piel entre 61 y 126 superior a la administraci&#243;n oral&#46;Acci&#243;n de roflumilast N-&#243;xido 8 veces superior a roflumilast&#44; pero este efecto no est&#225; demostrado de forma cut&#225;nea&#46;Vida media de 4 d&#237;as&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Stein Gold L et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0680"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">331&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase IIb&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluaci&#243;n el prurito en pacientes con psoriasis en placas tras tratamiento con roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37;&#44; al 0&#44;15&#37; y placebo en psoriasis en placas a las 12 semanas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; demostr&#243; una mayor mejor&#237;a del prurito y en el descanso nocturno vs&#46; roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;15&#37; y a placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Pixley J et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0820"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">78</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n con 2&#46;064 pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incluy&#243; varios ensayos cl&#237;nicos fase III sobre la efectividad de roflumilast t&#243;pico en psoriasis en placas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; constituye un tratamiento eficaz y seguro para la psoriasis en placas e intertriginosa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; ensayo cl&#237;nico Arcutis biotherapeutics<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0825"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">79</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">332&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; vs&#46; control con veh&#237;culo en psoriasis en placas e intertriginosa a 52 semanas&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">El 45&#37; del grupo con roflumilast t&#243;pico alcanz&#243; el IGA objetivo &#40;mejor&#237;a &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 respecto al basal&#41; vs&#46; 6&#44;1&#37; en el grupo control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Lebwohl MG et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">439 &#40;ensayo DERMIS-1&#41; y 442 &#40;ensayo DERMIS 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados fase III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; vs&#46; veh&#237;culo en psoriasis en placas e intertriginosa por 8 semanas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">El grupo con roflumilast t&#243;pico alcanz&#243; en un 42&#44;4&#37; el IGA objetivo vs&#46; 6&#44;1&#37; en grupo control &#40;DERMIS-1&#41; y eficacia de roflumilast t&#243;pico alcanzando un 37&#44;5&#37; en IGA objetivo &#40;mejor&#237;a &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 respecto al basal&#41; vs&#46; 6&#44;9&#37; en grupo control &#40;DERMIS-2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2020&#44; Papp A et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase I &#40;seguridad&#41;&#47;IIa &#40;dosis&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;5 vs&#46; 0&#44;15&#37; placebo para el tratamiento de psoriasis en placas a la semana 4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Se alcanz&#243; el objetivo primario &#40;aclaramiento de placas&#41; en el 66 y 67&#37; de roflumilast al 0&#44;5&#37; y 0&#44;15&#37; vs&#46; 35&#37; en el grupo placebo&#46; No diferencias en sus efectos secundarios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis seborreica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Zirwas MJ et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">226&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase IIa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast al 0&#44;3&#37; t&#243;pico vs&#46; placebo en dermatitis seborreica leve&#47;moderada a la semana 8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Se alcanz&#243; el IGA objetivo &#40;aclaramiento &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 respecto al basal&#41; en un 73&#44;8&#37; de pacientes con roflumilast vs&#46; 40&#44;9&#37; en el grupo controlPerfil de seguridad adecuado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HS&#58; hidradenitis supurativa&#59; UVB&#58; fototerapia con radiaci&#243;n ultravioleta-B&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dermatosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&#241;o&#44; autores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tipo de estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Objetivos del estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resultados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Gyldenl&#248;ve M et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase III<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0095" href="ctgov:NCT04549870">NCT04549870</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast oral en psoriasis en placas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">En la semana 12&#44; un 35&#37; de los pacientes alcanzaron un PASI 75 vs&#46; 13&#37; de grupo placebo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;014&#41;&#46; Dos pacientes requirieron discontinuaci&#243;n por efectos adversos de roflumilast&#46; El m&#225;s frecuente fue la diarrea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2021&#44; Egeberg A et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Var&#243;n de 48 a&#241;os con psoriasis en placas tratado con roflumilast oral 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aclaramiento completo de las lesiones en la semana 24 de tratamiento&#46; Sin efectos adversos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Gyldenl&#248;ve M et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad a largo plazo del roflumilast oral en el paciente del estudio anterior<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A los 18 meses de tratamiento&#44; el paciente se mantuvo con PASI 0 y sin efectos adversos rese&#241;ables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2017&#44; Michels K et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reporte de caso cl&#237;nico de un var&#243;n de 59 a&#241;os con EPOC y psoriasis eritrod&#233;rmica tratado satisfactoriamente de ambas enfermedades con roflumilast oral 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a de la psoriasis de forma casual tras tratamiento de su EPOC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hidradenitis supurativa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Ring et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la respuesta a roflumilast oral en un paciente con HS axilar severa y fallo a adalimumab e infliximab&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta adecuada&#44; con disminuci&#243;n en n&#250;mero de lesiones&#44; sin efectos adversos rese&#241;ables a los 3 mesesAsoci&#243; p&#233;rdida de peso de 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aftosis oral recurrente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Gyldenl&#248;ve et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Serie de casos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la respuesta a roflumilast oral en 2 pacientes con aftosis oral recurrente que no cumpl&#237;an los criterios de enfermedad de Beh&#231;et&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta completa de las lesiones de forma precoz &#40;2-3 semanas&#41; y mantenida a los 3 meses de inicio del tratamiento&#46; Buen perfil de seguridad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedad de Beh&#231;et&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Pe&#241;uelas et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta a roflumilast oral 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a en un paciente con enfermedad de Beh&#231;et refractaria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta favorable al tratamiento con roflumilast y sin efectos adversos destacables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema numular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Gyldenl&#248;ve et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0730"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta a roflumilast oral 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a en una paciente de 69 a&#241;os con eccema numular refractario a corticoides t&#243;picos&#44; UVB&#44; metotrexato y azatioprina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta temprana precoz &#40;2 semanas&#41; y aclaramiento completo de las lesiones a los 3 meses de inicio del tratamiento&#46; Buen perfil de seguridad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Liquen plano erosivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Fage et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta a roflumilast oral en una paciente con liquen plano erosivo oral refractario a corticoides t&#243;picos y orales&#44; metotrexato&#44; ciclosporina&#44; azatioprina&#44; apremilast y adalimumab&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pr&#225;ctica resoluci&#243;n de las lesiones a los 3 meses de inicio del tratamiento&#44; inicialmente concomitante con prednisona 7&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg en dosis descendente &#40;2&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg a los 3 meses de roflumilast&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis at&#243;pica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0685"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase IIa<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0100" href="ctgov:NCT01856764">NCT01856764</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; placebo en dermatitis at&#243;pica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No se alcanzaron resultados superiores a placebo en el grupo con roflumilast&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis at&#243;pica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">136&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase IIa<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0105" href="ctgov:NCT04773587">NCT04773587</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;15&#37; vs&#46; roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;05&#37; placebo en dermatitis at&#243;pica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n del EASI de 6&#44;4 puntos en el grupo de roflumilast al 0&#44;15&#37;&#44; de 6 puntos en el grupo de roflumilast al 0&#44;05&#37; y de 4&#44;8 puntos en el grupo control&#44; sin resultar estad&#237;sticamente significativo&#46; Buen perfil de seguridad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema de manos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0745"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase IV en proceso de reclutamiento<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0110" href="ctgov:NCT05682859">NCT05682859</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast oral vs&#46; placebo en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Resultados pendientes de publicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema de manos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">230&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase IIa completado<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0115" href="ctgov:NCT04378569">NCT04378569</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3 vs&#46; 0&#44;1&#37; y vs&#46; placebo en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Resultados pendientes de publicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ros&#225;cea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0700"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase II completado pendiente de publicaci&#243;n de resultados <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0120" href="ctgov:NCT05278624">NCT05278624</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; placebo en ros&#225;cea papulopustulosa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Resultados pendientes de publicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudios cl&#237;nicos sobre el uso fuera de indicaci&#243;n del roflumilast en dermatolog&#237;a</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SAPHO&#58; sinovitis acn&#233; pustulosis hiperostosis oste&#237;tis&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Alopecia areata<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Alopecia frontal fibrosante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alopecia cicatricial central centr&#237;fuga<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis act&#237;nica cr&#243;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis de interfase liquenoide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0775"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis at&#243;pica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis seborreica recalcitrante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema cr&#243;nico de manos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema numular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedad de Beh&#231;et<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Epiderm&#243;lisis ampollosa adquirida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedades perforantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eritema anular centr&#237;fugo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eritema multiforme recurrente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eritema nudoso leproso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Foliculitis decalvante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;ndrome de Sneddon-Wilkinson<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0755"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#218;lceras orales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Roflumilast tópico y oral en dermatología. Una revisión narrativa
Topical and Oral Roflumilast in Dermatology: A Narrative Review
M. Mansilla-Poloa,b, E. Gimenoc, D. Morgado-Carrascoc,d,
Corresponding author
morgadodaniel8@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
a Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, España
c Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
d Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Figueres, Fundació Salut Empordà, Figueres, Girona, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introducci&#243;n</span></span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La llegada de los f&#225;rmacos biol&#243;gicos y mol&#233;culas peque&#241;as han revolucionado el manejo de m&#250;ltiples dermatosis inflamatorias como la psoriasis&#44; la dermatitis at&#243;pica&#44; la hidradenitis supurativa y la alopecia areata&#44; entre otras&#46; Sin embargo&#44; su alto coste supone una limitaci&#243;n significativa&#44; especialmente cuando se requiere su uso fuera de indicaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Apremilast&#44; es un inhibidor oral de la enzima fosfodiesterasa-4 &#40;PDE4&#41;&#44; de efecto inmunomodulador y no inmunosupresor&#44; aprobado por la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Food and Drug Administration</span> &#40;FDA&#41; en psoriasis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; artritis psori&#225;sica y en el tratamiento de las &#250;lceras orales de la enfermedad de Behcet<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Presenta un excelente perfil de seguridad&#44; y se ha utilizado exitosamente fuera de indicaci&#243;n en m&#250;ltiples dermatosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; El crisaborol es un inhibidor t&#243;pico de PDE4 aprobado en dermatitis at&#243;pica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Roflumilast es otro inhibidor de PDE4 &#40;IPDE4&#41;&#46; Su forma oral fue inicialmente aprobada por la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos &#40;EMA&#41; y por la FDA para reducir el riesgo de exacerbaciones de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41; y fenotipo de bronquitis cr&#243;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; El roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; fue aprobado por la FDA en 2022 para el tratamiento de la psoriasis en placas <span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>en pacientes &#62;12 a&#241;os&#44; constituyendo el primer inhibidor t&#243;pico de PDE4 aprobado en psoriasis en placas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; En abril de 2023&#44; la FDA aprob&#243; su uso t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; en dermatitis seborreica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Debido a su excelente perfil de seguridad&#44; facilidad posol&#243;gica y a su bajo coste &#40;el precio del roflumilast oral ronda los 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364; al mes en Espa&#241;a&#41;&#44; se ha utilizado este f&#225;rmaco de forma oral en psoriasis en placas&#44; aftosis oral recurrente&#44; hidradenitis supurativa&#44; eccema numular y liquen plano&#44; entre otras dermatosis&#46; Sus potenciales usos no solo se limitan al &#225;mbito dermatol&#243;gico&#44; sino que se extienden al deterioro cognitivo&#44; demencia&#44; esquizofrenia y otras enfermedades neurol&#243;gicas o psiqui&#225;tricas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;13</span></a>&#44; colitis ulcerosa&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; obesidad y s&#237;ndrome de ovario poliqu&#237;stico&#44; y al asma o en pacientes con bronquiectasias y fibrosis qu&#237;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;19</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;38&#44;80&#8211;86</span></a>&#46; En este art&#237;culo se revisa el mecanismo de acci&#243;n&#44; farmacocin&#233;tica&#44; perfil de seguridad a largo plazo y especialmente los usos fuera de indicaci&#243;n del roflumilast en dermatolog&#237;a&#46; As&#237; tambi&#233;n&#44; se discuten las enfermedades que potencialmente se podr&#237;an beneficiar de este f&#225;rmaco&#44; dado su mecanismo de acci&#243;n an&#225;logo al de apremilast&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; una revisi&#243;n narrativa de la literatura&#46; Durante mayo y junio de 2023 realizamos b&#250;squedas en Medline y Google Scholar con los t&#233;rminos &#171;roflumilast&#187;&#44; &#171;dermatolog&#237;a&#187;&#44; &#171;piel&#187;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#171;off-label&#187;&#44;</span> &#171;seguridad&#187;&#44; &#171;apremilast&#187;&#44; &#171;fosfodiesterasa&#187;&#44; &#171;fosfodiesterasa 4&#187;&#44; &#171;psoriasis&#187;&#44; &#171;atopia&#187;&#44; &#171;dermatitis at&#243;pica&#187;&#44; &#171;eccema&#187;&#44; &#171;eccema de manos&#187;&#44; &#171;eccema numular&#187;&#44; &#171;&#250;lceras&#187;&#44; &#171;&#250;lceras orales&#187;&#44; &#171;estomatitis aftosa&#187;&#44; &#171;aftosis oral&#187;&#44; &#171;liquen plano&#187;&#44; &#171;dermatitis seborreica&#187;&#44; &#171;hidradenitis&#187;&#44; &#171;hidrosadenitis&#187;&#44; &#171;vit&#237;ligo&#187;&#44; &#171;alopecia areata&#187;&#44; &#171;sarcoidosis&#187;&#44; &#171;Beh&#231;et&#187;&#44; &#171;morfea&#187;&#46; Se realiz&#243; esta b&#250;squeda en castellano y en ingl&#233;s&#46; Los art&#237;culos se cribaron seg&#250;n su resumen y se seleccionaron seg&#250;n su relevancia tras la lectura de los estudios&#46; Igualmente&#44; se realiz&#243; una b&#250;squeda con el t&#233;rmino &#171;roflumilast&#187; en clinicaltrials&#46;gov&#46; Dos autores &#40;MMP y DMC&#41; realizaron la b&#250;squeda y selecci&#243;n de los art&#237;culos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Farmacocin&#233;tica y mecanismo de acci&#243;n del roflumilast</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Farmacocin&#233;tica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;38&#44;41&#44;80&#8211;86</span></a>&#41;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El roflumilast&#44; al ser administrado por v&#237;a oral&#44; se absorbe por completo en el tracto gastrointestinal y presenta una biodisponibilidad de aproximadamente el 80&#37;&#44; con una concentraci&#243;n plasm&#225;tica m&#225;xima alcanzada a la hora despu&#233;s de su administraci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46; En cuanto a su metabolismo&#44; se realiza principalmente de forma hep&#225;tica por los citocromos CYP1A2 y CYP3A4&#44; los cuales transforman el compuesto inicial al metabolito activo roflumilast N-&#243;xido &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#41;&#44; que representa &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90&#37; de la actividad inhibitoria total de roflumilast PDE4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Los metabolitos originales y activos de roflumilast se unen en gran medida a las prote&#237;nas plasm&#225;ticas &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>97&#37;&#41; y tienen un alto volumen de distribuci&#243;n&#44; reflejando una penetraci&#243;n tisular significativa&#46; No requiere ajuste posol&#243;gico en la edad geri&#225;trica o en insuficiencia renal&#46; Los datos cl&#237;nicos con roflumilast en pacientes con insuficiencia hep&#225;tica leve de clase A seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh no son suficientes para recomendar un ajuste de dosis y por ello se debe utilizar con precauci&#243;n en estos individuos&#44; y est&#225; contraindicado en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o severa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46; El N-&#243;xido de roflumilast tiene aproximadamente 10 veces m&#225;s actividad que el f&#225;rmaco original&#46; La semivida plasm&#225;tica de roflumilast y su metabolito activo es de 17 a 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; respectivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Su excreci&#243;n es mayoritariamente renal&#46; Su farmacocin&#233;tica no se afecta por la ingesta de alimentos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; pero s&#237; podr&#237;a afectarse por f&#225;rmacos inhibidores o inductores de CYP1A2 y CYP3A4&#44; como eritromicina&#44; fluconazol&#44; claritromicina o rifampicina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; Se debe recomendar con anticoncepci&#243;n en mujeres de edad f&#233;rtil&#44; evitando los anticonceptivos con gestodeno y etinilestradiol&#44; por presentar un metabolismo compartido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0560"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La farmacocin&#233;tica de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; es similar a la del roflumilast oral&#44; teniendo en cuenta la posibilidad de absorci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&#46; T&#243;picamente&#44; presenta una biodisponibilidad de aproximadamente el 1&#44;5&#37;&#46; Tras la aplicaci&#243;n de entre 3 a 6&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g diarios durante 15 d&#237;as&#44; present&#243; una exposici&#243;n media de 72&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>53&#44;1 y 628<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>648<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h ng&#47;ml<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;27</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Mecanismo de acci&#243;n y farmacodin&#225;mica</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El mecanismo de acci&#243;n preciso de roflumilast no es bien conocido &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&#41;&#46; El roflumilast y su metabolito activo&#44; el roflumilast N-&#243;xido&#44; son IPDE4&#44; una de las principales enzimas metabolizadoras del monofosfato de adenosina c&#237;clica &#40;AMPc&#41;&#44; localizada tanto en el tejido pulmonar como en la piel&#44; en el coraz&#243;n&#44; en los ri&#241;ones&#44; en el tracto gastrointestinal y en el sistema nervioso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; A nivel celular&#44; PDE4 convierte el AMPc en monofosfato de adenosina &#40;AMP&#41;&#44; poniendo fin a la mensajer&#237;a celular iniciada por el AMPc<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46; El roflumilast bloquea el efecto de PDE4&#44; produciendo acumulaci&#243;n de AMPc en las c&#233;lulas diana e incremento de se&#241;alizaci&#243;n mediada por esta mol&#233;cula&#46; Esto da lugar a inhibici&#243;n de la quimiotaxis&#44; reducci&#243;n de la infiltraci&#243;n inflamatoria&#44; de la liberaci&#243;n de mediadores inflamatorios y citot&#243;xicos&#44; y de la inflamaci&#243;n en general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; En dermatolog&#237;a&#44; PDE4 est&#225; presente en los queratinocitos epid&#233;rmicos&#44; neutr&#243;filos&#44; c&#233;lulas de Langerhans y linfocitos T<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se han encontrado altos niveles de PDE4 en c&#233;lulas mononucleares de sangre perif&#233;rica de pacientes con psoriasis&#44; as&#237; como alteraciones en la se&#241;alizaci&#243;n del ATP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; La efectividad de roflumilast se fundamenta en la inhibici&#243;n de m&#250;ltiples v&#237;as inflamatorias&#44; ejerciendo una acci&#243;n tanto a nivel epid&#233;rmico en los queratinocitos y las c&#233;lulas de Langerhans como a nivel d&#233;rmico en los neutr&#243;filos&#44; los linfocitos T y los macr&#243;fagos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;33</span></a>&#46; En dermatitis at&#243;pica&#44; la hiperactivaci&#243;n de PDE4 induce una respuesta inflamatoria con polarizaci&#243;n hacia la v&#237;a Th2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#46; De forma espec&#237;fica&#44; el AMPc presenta acciones inmunosupresoras y antiinflamatorias mediadas en gran parte por el factor nuclear-&#954;&#223;&#44; clave para la acci&#243;n de m&#250;ltiples citoquinas&#44; entre ellas el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa &#40;TNF-&#945;&#41; o las interleucinas &#40;IL&#41; 1&#44; 2&#44; 8&#44; 12&#44; 18&#44; 23&#44; 27 o 36<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a>&#46; Las m&#250;ltiples v&#237;as de se&#241;alizaci&#243;n mediadas por PDE4 sugieren que su bloqueo puede ser &#250;til en el manejo de m&#250;ltiples dermatosis&#44; como la hidradenitis supurativa&#44; estomatitis aftosa recurrente o liquen plano<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Perfil de seguridad</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En general&#44; roflumilast es bien tolerado y presenta un excelente perfil de seguridad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0550"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; En los ensayos cl&#237;nicos &#40;EC&#41; con roflumilast en EPOC y bronquitis cr&#243;nica&#44; los efectos adversos &#40;EA&#41; m&#225;s frecuentes fueron la diarrea &#40;8-9&#37;&#41;&#44; la p&#233;rdida de peso &#40;6-12&#37;&#41; y las n&#225;useas &#40;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Se report&#243; un 5-8&#37; de casos de nasofaringitis y un 4&#37; de infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior&#44; aunque de forma similar al grupo placebo&#46; Los EA se produjeron principalmente en las primeras semanas de tratamiento y la mayor&#237;a fueron autolimitados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Un metaan&#225;lisis report&#243; una mayor tasa de EA en el grupo de roflumilast 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a vs&#46; placebo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&#46; Un 15&#37; suspendi&#243; el tratamiento por EA &#40;vs&#46; el 9&#37; con placebo&#41;&#46; Los motivos m&#225;s frecuentes para retirar el f&#225;rmaco fueron la diarrea y las n&#225;useas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Estos primeros an&#225;lisis&#44; reportaron adem&#225;s mayores tasas de pancreatitis aguda&#44; s&#237;ntomas psiqui&#225;tricos e incluso c&#225;ncer de pr&#243;stata&#44; pulmonar y colorrectal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estos primeros datos no pudieron ser comprobados posteriormente e incluso se ha propuesto su uso como adyuvante en el tratamiento de diversas neoplasias&#44; como las pulmonares o el linfoma B difuso de c&#233;lulas grandes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38&#44;39</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En relaci&#243;n con la p&#233;rdida de peso&#44; su incidencia fue casi el doble &#40;67&#44;4 vs&#46; 37&#44;7&#37;&#41; en el grupo de roflumilast&#44; y la p&#233;rdida de peso importante&#44; definida como &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#37; sobre el peso basal&#44; fue encontrada en el 7&#44;1&#37; del grupo de tratamiento vs&#46; 1&#44;9&#37; en el grupo control<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#44; y estuvo asociada a una mejor&#237;a del perfil metab&#243;lico gluc&#237;dico y constituye un arma terap&#233;utica potencial para la obesidad&#44; la resistencia a la insulina y el s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0630"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;41</span></a>&#46; Los s&#237;ntomas psiqui&#225;tricos incluidos en los primeros estudios fueron la ansiedad&#44; la depresi&#243;n y el insomnio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estudios posteriores han evidenciado que este riesgo es m&#237;nimo e incluso podr&#237;a constituir un f&#225;rmaco prometedor para el tratamiento del deterioro cognitivo&#44; la enfermedad de Alzheimer o la esquizofrenia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;10&#44;42</span></a>&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; se ha cuestionado la mayor incidencia de fibrilaci&#243;n auricular en pacientes con roflumilast oral&#46; Este hecho se basa en su mayor incidencia en el grupo de roflumilast oral &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#41; vs&#46; placebo &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41; en ensayos pre-comercializaci&#243;n&#46; Sin embargo&#44; posteriormente no ha podido comprobarse en pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica real&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; los resultados de la monitorizaci&#243;n del electrocardiograma Holter de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de 55 pacientes no demostraron diferencias entre los grupos en la frecuencia cardiaca ni en la aparici&#243;n de arritmias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0645"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos de seguridad a largo plazo con los IPDE4 y&#44; espec&#237;ficamente con roflumilast&#44; son igualmente favorables sin reportar nuevos EA ni EA acumulativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0650"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#44;45</span></a>&#46; Tampoco se han descrito en enfermedades con m&#225;s experiencia con este f&#225;rmaco como es el EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0660"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&#46; Actualmente se encuentra en marcha un EC para evaluar la seguridad de roflumilast oral a largo plazo en la EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0665"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos de seguridad con roflumilast t&#243;pico son igualmente favorables&#44; con EA graves excepcionales dada su m&#237;nima absorci&#243;n &#40;biodisponibilidad del 1-2&#37;&#41;&#46; Los m&#225;s frecuentes son diarrea &#40;3-4&#37;&#41; y cefalea &#40;2-4&#37;&#41;&#44; seguidas de insomnio&#44; n&#225;useas&#44; escozor o dolor en el sitio de aplicaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;27</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Indicaciones aprobadas en dermatolog&#237;a</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El uso de roflumilast oral est&#225; aprobado por la FDA &#40;no por la EMA&#41; para el tratamiento t&#243;pico de la psoriasis en placas y de la dermatitis seborreica leve&#47;moderada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7&#44;27</span></a>&#46; El primer reporte de roflumilast en psoriasis en placas data de 2017&#44; cuando Michels et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> describieron un caso con psoriasis y EPOC concomitante&#44; en el cual se observ&#243; mejor&#237;a de las lesiones cut&#225;neas durante el tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar con roflumilast oral&#46; En 2020&#44; Papp et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> reportaron el primer ensayo cl&#237;nico &#40;EC&#41; fase I&#47;IIa donde se alcanz&#243; una respuesta en psoriasis en placas con roflumilast t&#243;pico del 0&#44;5 y 0&#44;15&#37; superior al placebo&#46; Los EC DERMIS-1 y DERMIS-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> sentaron la aprobaci&#243;n de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; por parte de la FDA en el tratamiento de la psoriasis en placas&#44; alcanzando el 42&#44;4&#37; de los casos el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Investigator&#39;s Global Assessment Scale</span> &#40;IGA&#41; objetivo &#40;aclaramiento total o mejor&#237;a en IGA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 puntos sobre el basal&#41; vs&#46; el 6&#44;1&#37; en el grupo control &#40;DERMIS-1&#41;&#59; y el 37&#44;5&#37; el IGA objetivo vs&#46; un 6&#44;9&#37; en el grupo control &#40;DERMIS-2&#41;&#46; El perfil de seguridad fue favorable en ambos estudios&#44; siendo los EA m&#225;s frecuentes las molestias gastrointestinales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0815"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">77</span></a>&#46; Recientemente se han publicado dos EC fase IIb<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0680"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a> y fase III<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> donde se demuestra la eficacia de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; en el prurito y descanso nocturno&#44; y en el cuero cabelludo&#44; respectivamente &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7&#44;27&#44;49&#44;50&#44;78&#44;79&#44;82</span></a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La aprobaci&#243;n por la FDA de roflumilast t&#243;pico en dermatitis seborreica se realiz&#243; en abril de 2023&#44; tras la publicaci&#243;n de los resultados de un EC en fase IIa multic&#233;ntrico y controlado con placebo&#44; que evaluaba la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast al 0&#44;3&#37; en 226 pacientes con dermatitis seborreica &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 meses duraci&#243;n y con un IGA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 &#40;&#8805; moderado&#41; con afectaci&#243;n &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#37; de la superficie corporal&#44; incluyendo cuero cabelludo&#44; cara&#44; tronco y &#225;reas intertriginosas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Se alcanz&#243; el IGA objetivo &#40;aclaramiento &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 respecto al basal&#41; en el 73&#44;8&#37; de individuos con roflumilast&#44; vs&#46; 40&#44;9&#37; en el grupo control &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La diferencia fue significativa desde la semana 2 de tratamiento&#46; No se registr&#243; una tasa superior de EA en el grupo de roflumilast comparado con en el grupo control&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Uso del roflumilast fuera de indicaci&#243;n en dermatolog&#237;a</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Encontramos en la literatura diversos estudios sobre el uso fuera de aprobaci&#243;n de roflumilast en dermatolog&#237;a&#44; la mayor&#237;a peque&#241;as series o EC iniciales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;48&#44;51&#8211;53&#44;56&#8211;63</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;87</span>&#41;&#46; Encontramos 4 estudios cl&#237;nicos sobre roflumilast t&#243;pico&#44; todos ellos EC&#46; En dermatitis at&#243;pica&#44; un EC fase IIa &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41; no alcanz&#243; los objetivos propuestos con roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; placebo a las 16 semanas&#46; El objetivo primario era la proporci&#243;n de pacientes que lograban una reducci&#243;n de al menos un 75&#37; en el &#237;ndice de gravedad del eccema de manos &#40;HECSI75&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0685"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&#46; Otro EC aleatorizado fase IIa posterior &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>136&#41; demostr&#243; una mejor&#237;a en el EASI a las 12 semanas con roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;15&#37;&#44; superior a la obtenida con la concentraci&#243;n al 0&#44;05&#37; y superior a placebo&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estos resultados no resultaron estad&#237;sticamente significativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#46; Se encuentran en proceso de realizaci&#243;n 2 EC que analizan el efecto de roflumilast t&#243;pico en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a> y otro en ros&#225;cea p&#225;pulopustulosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0700"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46; El EC en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>230&#41; es una fase IIa que eval&#250;a la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3 vs&#46; 0&#44;1&#37; y vs&#46; placebo&#44; evaluados a la semana 12&#46; Por su parte&#44; el EC en ros&#225;cea p&#225;pulopustulosa es una fase II completado &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41; y pendiente de publicaci&#243;n&#44; que eval&#250;a la eficacia de roflumilast al 0&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; placebo&#46; Recientemente&#44; un estudio precl&#237;nico encontr&#243; mayores niveles de PDE4 en la piel de pacientes con vit&#237;ligo&#46; Tras la aplicaci&#243;n de roflumilast t&#243;pico se observ&#243; una reducci&#243;n de los niveles de PDE4 y mejor&#237;a parcial de las lesiones cut&#225;neas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0705"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a roflumilast oral fuera de ficha t&#233;cnica&#44; encontramos 4 art&#237;culos sobre su uso en psoriasis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;48&#44;56&#44;57</span></a>&#41;&#46; El grupo de Gyldenl&#248;ve et al&#46; ha reportado recientemente su eficacia en psoriasis en placas a dosis de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a en un EC fase III &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#41; vs&#46; placebo&#44; alcanzando en la semana 12 un 35&#37; del grupo intervenci&#243;n el PASI 75 vs&#46; 13&#37; del grupo placebo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;014&#41;&#46; Se reportaron EA mayoritariamente leves<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&#46; Recientemente&#44; el mismo grupo public&#243; los resultados con roflumilast oral en el primer paciente con psoriasis al que se le indic&#243; este f&#225;rmaco&#44; un var&#243;n de 48 a&#241;os con una psoriasis en placas refractaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> y posteriormente&#44; public&#243; la respuesta a largo plazo &#40;18 meses&#41; de este individuo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46; Se ha descrito su utilidad en otro caso cl&#237;nico&#58; un var&#243;n de 59 a&#241;os en el que se trat&#243; simult&#225;neamente su EPOC y su psoriasis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a>&#46; En ambos casos&#44; se emple&#243; roflumilast a dosis de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a y no se reportaron efectos adversos destacables&#46; Al margen de la psoriasis&#44; encontramos 5 art&#237;culos publicados sobre roflumilast oral en enfermedad dermatol&#243;gica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58&#8211;62</span></a>&#41;&#58; una serie de casos y 4 casos cl&#237;nicos aislados&#44; la mayor&#237;a de estos reportados por un mismo centro asistencial de Dinamarca&#46; Ring et al&#46; describieron un caso de hidradenitis supurativa refractaria con afectaci&#243;n axilar y fallo a adalimumab e infliximab&#44; con una buena respuesta cl&#237;nica con roflumilast a las 12 semanas&#44; y con p&#233;rdida de peso asociada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46; Gyldenl&#248;ve et al&#46; reportaron 2 casos de aftosis oral recurrente tratados con roflumilast oral 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&#44; que presentaron una respuesta adecuada y muy r&#225;pida&#44; a partir las 2-3 semanas&#44; y que se ha mantenido a los 3 meses de tratamiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46; Igualmente&#44; describieron un caso de eccema numular con fallo a m&#250;ltiples tratamientos&#44; que alcanz&#243; una respuesta precoz y mantenida con roflumilast oral&#44; sin efectos adversos rese&#241;ables<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0730"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>&#46; Al igual que en un caso de liquen plano oral erosivo refractario a tratamientos de primera l&#237;nea y dependiente de corticoides sist&#233;micos&#46; El roflumilast oral permiti&#243; reducir la dosis de prednisona a 2&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#237;a a los 3 meses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&#46; Un grupo espa&#241;ol report&#243; recientemente un caso de enfermedad de Beh&#231;et refractaria tratada exitosamente con roflumilast 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&#44; sin efectos adversos significativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; se encuentra en fase de reclutamiento un EC en fase IV &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41; con roflumilast oral a dosis de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a vs&#46; placebo en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0745"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Dermatosis que potencialmente podr&#237;an beneficiarse del roflumilast</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dado el mecanismo de acci&#243;n similar a apremilast&#44; y por la posibilidad de presentar en ellas la PDE4 elevada&#44; m&#250;ltiples dermatosis en las que se ha utilizado fuera de indicaci&#243;n este f&#225;rmaco podr&#237;an beneficiarse del roflumilast oral o t&#243;pico &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">tabla 6</a>&#41;&#46; Entre ellas&#44; encontramos dermatosis eminentemente autoinmunes como el vit&#237;ligo o la alopecia areata<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; enfermedades eritematodescamativas similares a la psoriasis como la pitiriasis <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rubra pilaris</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0750"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a> o el s&#237;ndrome de Sneddon-Wilkinson<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0755"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a>&#44; enfermedades ampollosas como el p&#233;nfigo vulgar o la epiderm&#243;lisis bullosa adquirida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; genodermatosis como el p&#233;nfigo benigno familiar &#40;enfermedad de Hailey-Hailey&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0760"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a> o las ictiosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Otras enfermedades en las que apremilast puede ser &#250;til son la hidradenitis supurativa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0765"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67</span></a>&#44; el liquen plano cut&#225;neo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0770"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">68</span></a> o en otras dermatitis liquenoides y de interfase<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0775"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&#44; lupus eritematoso cut&#225;neo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0780"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a> o sarcoidosis cut&#225;nea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0785"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a>&#46; De especial inter&#233;s puede ser su aplicaci&#243;n en la morfea&#44; una enfermedad relativamente frecuente y donde los IPDE4 han demostrado reducir la fibrosis d&#233;rmica y&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; se han registrado buenos resultados con apremilast en esta entidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0790"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">72&#8211;74</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El manejo de dermatosis inflamatorias moderadas o graves requiere frecuentemente el empleo de inmunomoduladores o inmunosupresores&#44; a menudo usados fuera de indicaci&#243;n en dermatolog&#237;a&#46; Pese al aumento que suponen de nuestro arsenal las mol&#233;culas peque&#241;as y los agentes biol&#243;gicos&#44; existe la necesidad de contar con nuevas terapias inmunomoduladoras de menor coste y buen perfil de seguridad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0805"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">75&#8211;77</span></a>&#46; Una gran ventaja del roflumilast es su bajo coste&#58; en Espa&#241;a de alrededor de 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#47;mes en la formulaci&#243;n oral de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a e igualmente econ&#243;mico en otros pa&#237;ses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46; De hecho&#44; su precio es inferior al de inmunosupresores cl&#225;sicos como la ciclosporina oral o el metotrexato subcut&#225;neo&#46; Una segunda ventaja es su excelente perfil de seguridad&#44; con escasas contraindicaciones&#44; y EA en su mayor&#237;a gastrointestinales&#44; muy similar a lo reportado con apremilast&#46; En cuanto a EA graves&#44; aunque todav&#237;a una relaci&#243;n no esclarecida&#44; se ha asociado a roflumilast con fibrilaci&#243;n auricular&#46; Igualmente&#44; su relaci&#243;n con el suicidio es controvertida y no ha sido replicada en estudios posteriores<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#44;43</span></a>&#46; Es un f&#225;rmaco con &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 a&#241;os en el mercado&#44; en los cuales no se han descrito nuevos EA&#44; ni efectos acumulativos delet&#233;reos derivados de su uso continuado en el tiempo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0650"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#44;45</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; los EA gastrointestinales pueden ser muy molestos y llevar a la suspensi&#243;n del f&#225;rmaco a un n&#250;mero significativo de pacientes&#44; por lo que es fundamental su titulaci&#243;n adecuada&#44; con un incremento progresivo de la dosis&#46; En general&#44; se recomienda su inicio a dosis de 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a con o sin alimentos y siempre a la misma hora del d&#237;a&#46; Si la respuesta es adecuada y no hay EA destacables&#44; se debe escalar a la dosis &#243;ptima de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&#46; Se ha ensayado su uso hasta un a&#241;o&#44; aunque puede mantenerse a criterio m&#233;dico por m&#225;s tiempo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dentro de las ventajas de roflumilast tambi&#233;n se encuentran su c&#243;moda posolog&#237;a y la posibilidad de doble aplicaci&#243;n t&#243;pica y oral<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0820"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">78</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; puede producir baja de peso asociada a una mejor&#237;a del perfil metab&#243;lico y de la resistencia a insulina&#44; por lo que podr&#237;a ser ideal para pacientes con dermatosis y sobrepeso&#44; como en pacientes hidradenitis supurativa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; esto requiere ser demostrado en estudios prospectivos con un seguimiento adecuado&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a su uso t&#243;pico&#44; el roflumilast debe emplearse una vez al d&#237;a&#44; aplicando una peque&#241;a capa sobre la piel afectada&#46; A&#250;n no est&#225; disponible en Espa&#241;a&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Su aplicaci&#243;n en dermatolog&#237;a es paralela a los estudios previos con apremilast&#44; otro IPDE4 con una afinidad similar a la PDE4 y sin una mayor frecuencia de efectos secundarios&#44; si bien no hay estudios que comparen este perfil de EA entre apremilast y roflumilast<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0825"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">79</span></a>&#46; En nuestra revisi&#243;n hemos encontrado que el roflumilast se ha empleado fuera de ficha t&#233;cnica en su presentaci&#243;n oral en diversas dermatosis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;48&#44;51&#8211;54&#44;57&#8211;63</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;87</span>&#41;&#44; entre ellas la psoriasis&#44; hidradenitis supurativa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#44; aftosis oral recurrente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#44; enfermedad de Beh&#231;et<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&#44; liquen erosivo oral<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a> y eccema numular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0730"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; su analog&#237;a farmacocin&#233;tica y farmacodin&#225;mica con apremilast permite hipotetizar que puede ser &#250;til en m&#250;ltiples enfermedades cut&#225;neas&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la evidencia es a&#250;n muy limitada para hacer recomendaciones al respecto&#46; Probablemente&#44; en a&#241;os venideros ser&#225;n aprobadas nuevas indicaciones de roflumilast oral o t&#243;pico en dermatolog&#237;a&#44; y es necesaria la familiarizaci&#243;n de los dermat&#243;logos con este f&#225;rmaco&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Limitaciones</span></span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La presente revisi&#243;n tiene la limitaci&#243;n de ser narrativa y no una revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica o metaan&#225;lisis&#46; Asimismo&#44; muchos de los estudios incluidos&#44; especialmente en los usos fuera de indicaci&#243;n del roflumilast son series de casos&#44; o tienen muestras peque&#241;as&#44; o un dise&#241;o retrospectivo&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; sus potenciales usos son extrapolados de apremilast por analog&#237;a farmacocin&#233;tica y farmacodin&#225;mica&#46; Todos estos factores dificultan la generalizaci&#243;n de los hallazgos informados y sus conclusiones&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusiones</span></span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Roflumilast es un f&#225;rmaco aprobado en dermatolog&#237;a de forma t&#243;pica para el tratamiento de la psoriasis en placas y la dermatitis seborreica leve&#47;moderada&#46; Existen reportes y estudios en su mayor&#237;a de peque&#241;o tama&#241;o que avalan la utilidad del roflumilast oral en psoriasis&#44; hidradenitis supurativa&#44; aftosis oral recurrente&#44; eccema numular o liquen plano&#44; entre otros&#46; Su perfil de seguridad es muy favorable&#44; es de bajo coste y est&#225; ampliamente disponible&#46; Son necesarios nuevos estudios controlados que eval&#250;en su eficacia en dermatosis inflamatorias&#44; y permitan instaurar nuevas indicaciones aprobadas para esta prometedora mol&#233;cula&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
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        3 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres2103248"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1792324"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todos"
        ]
        7 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Farmacocin&#233;tica y mecanismo de acci&#243;n del roflumilast"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Farmacocin&#233;tica &#40;tabla 2&#41;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Mecanismo de acci&#243;n y farmacodin&#225;mica"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Perfil de seguridad"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Indicaciones aprobadas en dermatolog&#237;a"
        ]
        11 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Uso del roflumilast fuera de indicaci&#243;n en dermatolog&#237;a"
        ]
        12 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Dermatosis que potencialmente podr&#237;an beneficiarse del roflumilast"
        ]
        13 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Discusi&#243;n"
        ]
        14 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Limitaciones"
        ]
        15 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
        ]
        16 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Conflicto de intereses"
        ]
        17 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2023-06-22"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2023-09-04"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1792325"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Roflumilast"
            1 => "Dermatolog&#237;a"
            2 => "Psoriasis"
            3 => "Apremilast"
            4 => "Fosfodiesterasa"
            5 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Off-label</span>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1792324"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Roflumilast"
            1 => "Dermatology"
            2 => "Psoriasis"
            3 => "Apremilast"
            4 => "Phosphodiesterase"
            5 => "Off-label"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Roflumilast es un inhibidor de la fosfodiesterasa-4 aprobado de forma oral para la prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica y fenotipo de bronquitis cr&#243;nica&#46; En dermatolog&#237;a&#44; el roflumilast t&#243;pico est&#225; aprobado por la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Food and Drug Administration</span> en psoriasis en placas y dermatitis seborreica leve&#47;moderada&#46; En cuanto a su uso fuera de indicaci&#243;n&#44; hemos encontrado un ensayo cl&#237;nico que avala la utilidad del roflumilast oral en psoriasis&#44; as&#237; como peque&#241;as series de casos o casos cl&#237;nicos aislados en hidradenitis supurativa&#44; aftosis oral recurrente&#44; eccema numular&#44; liquen plano y enfermedad de Beh&#231;et&#46; Su perfil de seguridad es favorable&#44; similar al del apremilast&#44; y su coste es considerablemente inferior a los de los f&#225;rmacos de nueva generaci&#243;n&#44; o incluso al de algunos inmunosupresores cl&#225;sicos&#46; Presentamos una revisi&#243;n de roflumilast t&#243;pico y oral&#44; en t&#233;rminos de farmacocin&#233;tica y farmacodin&#225;mica&#44; efectos adversos&#44; usos dermatol&#243;gicos aprobados y fuera de indicaci&#243;n&#46; Roflumilast es un agente prometedor en dermatolog&#237;a&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Oral roflumilast is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor approved for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis&#46; In dermatology&#44; topical roflumilast is authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and mild to moderate seborrheic dermatitis&#46; Several studies have described the off-label use of roflumilast in dermatology&#44; including a randomized controlled trial showing its usefulness in the treatment of psoriasis&#59; case reports and small series have also reported successful outcomes in hidradenitis suppurativa&#44; recurrent oral aphthosis&#44; nummular eczema&#44; lichen planus&#44; and Beh&#231;et disease&#46; Roflumilast has a favorable safety profile&#44; similar to that of apremilast&#44; and it is considerably cheaper than new generation drugs and even some conventional immunosuppressants&#46; We review the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of topical and oral roflumilast and discuss potential adverse effects and both approved and off-label uses in dermatology&#46; Roflumilast is a promising agent to consider&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:9 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estructura bioqu&#237;mica de roflumilast &#40;A&#41; y su metabolito activo&#44; el N-&#243;xido roflumilast &#40;B&#41;&#46; N&#243;tese la adici&#243;n en la forma activa de un radical ox&#237;geno en uno de los anillos hexagonales perif&#233;ricos y el detrimento de un prot&#243;n en el anillo medio &#40;detalle en color rojo&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
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        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "figura" => array:1 [
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mecanismo de acci&#243;n de roflumilast&#46; Los inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa inducen una acumulaci&#243;n del AMPc intracelular al interferir con su degradaci&#243;n&#46; El aumento de la concentraci&#243;n intracelular de AMPc da lugar a una inhibici&#243;n de la quimiotaxis&#44; a una menor infiltraci&#243;n inflamatoria&#44; una disminuci&#243;n de la liberaci&#243;n de mediadores inflamatorios y citot&#243;xicos&#44; reduciendo as&#237; la inflamaci&#243;n&#46;</p> <p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AC&#58; adenilato ciclasa&#59; 5&#8217;-AMP&#58; 5&#8217;-adenylic acid&#59; ATF&#58; activating transcription factor 1&#59; ATP&#58; adenos&#237;n trifosfato&#59; Bcl-6&#58; B-cell lymphoma protein 6&#59; c-AMP&#58; cyclic adenosine monophosphate&#59; CREB&#58; cAMP responsive element&#59; Egr-1&#58; early growth response protein 1&#59; Elk-1&#58; E-26-like protein 1&#59; ERK&#58; extracellular signal-regulated kinase&#59; GPCR&#58; G protein-coupled receptors&#59; IKK&#58; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta&#59; MAPK&#58; mitogen-activated protein kinases&#59; NFKB&#58; nuclear factor KB&#59; PDE4&#58; phosphodiesterase type 4&#59; PG&#58; G protein&#59; PKA&#58; protein kinase A&#59; Raf&#58; rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma protein kinases&#59; RTK&#58; receptor tyrosine kinases&#59; IPDE-4&#58; inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BC&#58; bronquitis cr&#243;nica&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Manifestaciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Enfermedad y objetivo que analizar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tipo de estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Referencia principal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pulmonares</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones de EPOC fenotipo BC &#40;&#250;nica aprobaci&#243;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados completados &#40;fase IV&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="ctgov:NCT00297102">NCT00297102</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0010" href="ctgov:NCT00297115">NCT00297115</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones de asma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados completados &#40;fase III&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0015" href="ctgov:NCT01365533">NCT01365533</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en s&#237;ndrome de solapamiento EPOC-asma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n narrativa de la literatura&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reducci&#243;n de la tos cr&#243;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados completados &#40;fase IV&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0020" href="ctgov:NCT01443845">NCT01443845</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones en bronquiectasias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados completados &#40;fase III&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0025" href="ctgov:NCT01580748">NCT01580748</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alivio en infecci&#243;n sintom&#225;tica por coronavirus-19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n narrativa de la literatura&#46; No registrado en clinicaltrials&#46;gov&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Oncol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en asociaci&#243;n a quimioterapia convencional en linfoma B difuso de c&#233;lulas grandes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> con animales &#40;fase I&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0030" href="ctgov:NCT03458546">NCT03458546</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0620"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Traumatol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Optimizaci&#243;n de la deambulaci&#243;n en lesiones en m&#233;dula espinal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> con animales &#40;fase I&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0830"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">80</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neurol&#243;gicas y psiqui&#225;tricas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reducci&#243;n del deterioro cognitivo y enfermedad de Alzheimer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados en proceso de realizaci&#243;n &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0035" href="ctgov:NCT04658654">NCT04658654</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a de la esquizofrenia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados en proceso de realizaci&#243;n &#40;fase I&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0040" href="ctgov:NCT02079844">NCT02079844</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de sintomatolog&#237;a depresiva en adyuvancia con otros antidepresivos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados en proceso de realizaci&#243;n &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0045" href="ctgov:NCT04751071">NCT04751071</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reducci&#243;n de la neuropat&#237;a perif&#233;rica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0050" href="ctgov:NCT05884281">NCT05884281</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en s&#237;ndrome de X fr&#225;gil en comparaci&#243;n con baclofeno y metformina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado no completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0055" href="ctgov:NCT05163808">NCT05163808</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de consumo en&#243;lico <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase I&#41;No registrado en clinicaltrials&#46;gov&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Digestivas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Posibilidad de reducci&#243;n de brotes de colitis ulcerosa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico en proceso de realizaci&#243;n &#40;fase I&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0060" href="ctgov:NCT05684484">NCT05684484</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0835"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">81</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluaci&#243;n de roflumilast vs&#46; pioglitazona en esteatohepatitis no alcoh&#243;lica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0065" href="ctgov:NCT01703260">NCT01703260</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0840"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">82</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Endocrinol&#243;gicas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Empleo de roflumilast en diabetes tipo II&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0070" href="ctgov:NCT01140542">NCT01140542</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0845"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">83</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de los niveles de insulina y de glucosa en pacientes prediab&#233;ticos obesos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase II&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0075" href="ctgov:NCT01862029">NCT01862029</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0635"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en s&#237;ndrome ovario poliqu&#237;stico en comparaci&#243;n con metformina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase IV&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0080" href="ctgov:NCT02037672">NCT02037672</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0850"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">84</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de la neuropat&#237;a diab&#233;tica en comparaci&#243;n con &#225;cido alfa-lipoico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase III&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0085" href="ctgov:NCT05369793">NCT05369793</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0855"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">85</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Renales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a en par&#225;metros anal&#237;ticos de nefropat&#237;a diab&#233;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico no aleatorizado completado &#40;fase III&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0090" href="ctgov:NCT04755946">NCT04755946</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0860"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">86</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">BC&#58; bronquitis cr&#243;nica&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#205;tem&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prevenci&#243;n de exacerbaciones de EPOC fenotipo BC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis en placasDermatitis seborreica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Farmacocin&#233;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Biodisponibilidad oral&#58; 80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Posibilidad de absorci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Vida media&#58; entre 17 y 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Vida media alrededor de 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Metabolismo&#58; casi exclusivamente hep&#225;tico&#46; Conversi&#243;n a metabolito activo N-&#243;xido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Metabolismo&#58; casi exclusivamente hep&#225;tico&#46; Conversi&#243;n a metabolito activo N-&#243;xido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Excreci&#243;n&#58; 70&#37; renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8594;Excreci&#243;n&#58; cut&#225;nea y la porci&#243;n absorbida sist&#233;mica&#44; mayor parte renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a durante 28 d&#237;as seguido de 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a de mantenimiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aplicaci&#243;n de una capa fina en lesiones afectadas&#46; Aprobado a concentraci&#243;n del 0&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Administraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Oral con o sin comida&#44; con un poco de agua&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Una aplicaci&#243;n &#40;capa fina&#41; al d&#237;a&#46; Evitar en regi&#243;n ocular&#44; oral o intravaginal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Contraindicaciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipersensibilidad al principio activo o alguno de sus excipientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#46; Insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o grave &#40;clase B o C seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipersensibilidad al principio activo o alguno de sus excipientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#46; Insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o grave &#40;clase B o C seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Interacciones farmacol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Principal metabolismo por citocromos CYP3A4 y CYP1A2&#46; Puede requerir ajuste de dosis en pacientes con inductores o inhibidores de estos citocromos&#46; El empleo de contracepci&#243;n con gestodeno y etinilestradiol puede aumentar su toxicidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Principal metabolismo por citocromos CYP3A4 y CYP1A2&#46; Puede requerir ajuste de dosis en pacientes con inductores o inhibidores de estos citocromos&#46; El empleo de contracepci&#243;n con gestodeno y etinilestradiol puede aumentar su toxicidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ajuste en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Precauci&#243;n en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica leve &#40;clase A seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh&#41; y contraindicado en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o grave &#40;clase B o C&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Precauci&#243;n en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica leve &#40;clase A seg&#250;n la escala Child-Pugh&#41; y contraindicado en insuficiencia hep&#225;tica moderada o grave &#40;clase B o C&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ajuste en insuficiencia renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No requiere de ajuste de dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No requiere de ajuste de dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ajuste en edad avanzada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No requiere de ajuste de dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No requiere de ajuste de dosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embarazo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Los datos sobre el uso de roflumilast en mujeres embarazadas son limitados&#46; Los estudios realizados en animales han mostrado toxicidad para la reproducci&#243;n&#44; por lo que no se recomienda su uso en embarazadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Los datos sobre el uso de roflumilast en mujeres embarazadas son limitados&#46; Los estudios realizados en animales han mostrado toxicidad para la reproducci&#243;n&#44; por lo que no se recomienda su uso en embarazadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anticoncepci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Las mujeres en edad f&#233;rtil deben utilizar m&#233;todos anticonceptivos efectivos durante el tratamiento&#46; Evitar gestodeno y etinilestradiol<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Podr&#237;a considerarse si es preciso&#46; Evitar gestodeno y etinilestradiol<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lactancia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Los datos farmacocin&#233;ticos disponibles en animales muestran que roflumilast o sus metabolitos se excretan en la leche por lo que no se recomienda su uso en embarazadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Posible&#46; Evitar aplicaci&#243;n en regi&#243;n mamaria durante su aplicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pedi&#225;trica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aprobado en &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 a&#241;os&#46; No hemos encontrado estudios que eval&#250;en su eficacia en &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aprobado en &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 a&#241;os&#46; No estudios eval&#250;en su eficacia en &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Monitorizaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Peri&#243;dicas revisiones de cambios de peso y estado de &#225;nimo &#40;cada 3-6 meses&#41;&#46; No especificaci&#243;n de realizaci&#243;n de anal&#237;tica durante el seguimiento por la FDA y la EMA&#46; Recomendable anal&#237;tica previa si se sospecha de insuficiencia hep&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sin necesidad de monitorizaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">La hipersensibilidad no est&#225; recogida por la FDA&#44; s&#237; por la CIMA&#47;AEMPS&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">En un estudio de interacci&#243;n con un anticonceptivo oral que conten&#237;a gestodeno y etinilestradiol&#44; la actividad inhibidora total de la PDE4 aument&#243; en un 17&#37;&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas del roflumilast</p>"
        ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
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        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#8212;&#58; no descritas o reportes anecd&#243;ticos&#59; AST&#58; aspartato-aminotransferasa&#59; CPK&#58; creatina fosfoquinasa GGT&#58; gamma-glutamiltransferasa&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">FrecuenciaClasificaci&#243;nde &#243;rganos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frecuentes &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;100 a &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;10&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Poco frecuentes &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;1&#46;000 a &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;100&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Raras &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;10&#46;000 a &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#47;1&#46;000&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast t&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast t&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast oral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Roflumilast t&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos del sistema inmunol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipersensibilidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipersensibilidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Urticaria y angioedema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Urticaria y angioedema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos endocrinos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ginecomastia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos delmetabolismo y de la nutrici&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de pesoApetito disminuido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n de pesoApetito disminuido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos psiqui&#225;tricos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Insomnio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AnsiedadInsomnio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Insomnio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ideaci&#243;n y comportamiento suicidas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>Depresi&#243;n NerviosismoCrisis de angustia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos del sistema nervioso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cefalea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cefalea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TemblorV&#233;rtigoMareos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">TemblorV&#233;rtigoMareos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disgeusia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos cardiacos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Palpitaciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos respiratorios&#44; tor&#225;cicos y mediastinales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecciones del tracto respiratorio &#40;excluidala neumon&#237;a&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecciones del tracto respiratorio &#40;excluidala neumon&#237;a&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos urinarios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecciones urinarias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Infecciones urinarias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos gastrointestinales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DiarreaN&#225;useasDolor abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DiarreaN&#225;useasDolor abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">GastritisV&#243;mitosReflujo gastroesof&#225;gicoDispepsia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hematoquecia Estre&#241;imiento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos hepatobiliares&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">GGT y AST elevadas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos de la piel y del tejido subcut&#225;neo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Escozor en lugar de aplicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Erupci&#243;n maculopapular inespec&#237;fica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dolor en lugar de aplicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Urticaria y angioedema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Urticaria y angioedema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos muculoesquel&#233;ticos y del tejido conjuntivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espasmos musculares y debilidadMialgiaDolor de espalda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CPK en sangre elevada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trastornos generales y alteraciones en el lugar de la administraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Malestar general AsteniaFatiga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8212;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; IGA&#58; Investigator&#39;s Global Assessment Scale&#59; PSSI&#58; Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index&#59; RS&#58; Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica&#59;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dermatosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&#241;o&#44; autores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tipo de estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Objetivos del estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resultados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis en placas</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Kircik L et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">304&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase IIb&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico 0&#44;3&#37; vs&#46; placebo en psoriasis en placas de cuerpo y cuero cabelludo durante 8 semanas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Un n&#250;mero significativamente mayor de pacientes tratados con roflumilast &#40;59&#44;1&#37;&#41; que pacientes tratados con veh&#237;culo &#40;11&#44;4&#37;&#41; lograron el IGA objetivo en cuero cabelludo en semana 8 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; Tambi&#233;n mejor&#237;a significativa en objetivos secundarios&#58; IGA corporal&#44; escala de picor en cuero cabelludo y PSSI del cuero cabelludo&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Thurston Jr et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0840"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">82</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n con 495 pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio postensayo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio postensayo de varios ensayos cl&#237;nicos fase II donde se evaluaron las caracter&#237;sticas farmacocin&#233;ticas de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; en psoriasis en placas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Biodisponibilidad sist&#233;mica del 1&#44;5&#37;&#46; Concentraci&#243;n en piel entre 61 y 126 superior a la administraci&#243;n oral&#46;Acci&#243;n de roflumilast N-&#243;xido 8 veces superior a roflumilast&#44; pero este efecto no est&#225; demostrado de forma cut&#225;nea&#46;Vida media de 4 d&#237;as&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Stein Gold L et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0680"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">331&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase IIb&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluaci&#243;n el prurito en pacientes con psoriasis en placas tras tratamiento con roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37;&#44; al 0&#44;15&#37; y placebo en psoriasis en placas a las 12 semanas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; demostr&#243; una mayor mejor&#237;a del prurito y en el descanso nocturno vs&#46; roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;15&#37; y a placebo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Pixley J et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0820"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">78</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n con 2&#46;064 pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incluy&#243; varios ensayos cl&#237;nicos fase III sobre la efectividad de roflumilast t&#243;pico en psoriasis en placas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; constituye un tratamiento eficaz y seguro para la psoriasis en placas e intertriginosa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; ensayo cl&#237;nico Arcutis biotherapeutics<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0825"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">79</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">332&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; vs&#46; control con veh&#237;culo en psoriasis en placas e intertriginosa a 52 semanas&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">El 45&#37; del grupo con roflumilast t&#243;pico alcanz&#243; el IGA objetivo &#40;mejor&#237;a &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 respecto al basal&#41; vs&#46; 6&#44;1&#37; en el grupo control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Lebwohl MG et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">439 &#40;ensayo DERMIS-1&#41; y 442 &#40;ensayo DERMIS 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayos cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados fase III&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3&#37; vs&#46; veh&#237;culo en psoriasis en placas e intertriginosa por 8 semanas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">El grupo con roflumilast t&#243;pico alcanz&#243; en un 42&#44;4&#37; el IGA objetivo vs&#46; 6&#44;1&#37; en grupo control &#40;DERMIS-1&#41; y eficacia de roflumilast t&#243;pico alcanzando un 37&#44;5&#37; en IGA objetivo &#40;mejor&#237;a &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 respecto al basal&#41; vs&#46; 6&#44;9&#37; en grupo control &#40;DERMIS-2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2020&#44; Papp A et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0675"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase I &#40;seguridad&#41;&#47;IIa &#40;dosis&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;5 vs&#46; 0&#44;15&#37; placebo para el tratamiento de psoriasis en placas a la semana 4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Se alcanz&#243; el objetivo primario &#40;aclaramiento de placas&#41; en el 66 y 67&#37; de roflumilast al 0&#44;5&#37; y 0&#44;15&#37; vs&#46; 35&#37; en el grupo placebo&#46; No diferencias en sus efectos secundarios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis seborreica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Zirwas MJ et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">226&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase IIa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast al 0&#44;3&#37; t&#243;pico vs&#46; placebo en dermatitis seborreica leve&#47;moderada a la semana 8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Se alcanz&#243; el IGA objetivo &#40;aclaramiento &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 respecto al basal&#41; en un 73&#44;8&#37; de pacientes con roflumilast vs&#46; 40&#44;9&#37; en el grupo controlPerfil de seguridad adecuado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HS&#58; hidradenitis supurativa&#59; UVB&#58; fototerapia con radiaci&#243;n ultravioleta-B&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dermatosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&#241;o&#44; autores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tipo de estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Objetivos del estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resultados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Gyldenl&#248;ve M et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0655"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico aleatorizado fase III<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0095" href="ctgov:NCT04549870">NCT04549870</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast oral en psoriasis en placas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">En la semana 12&#44; un 35&#37; de los pacientes alcanzaron un PASI 75 vs&#46; 13&#37; de grupo placebo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;014&#41;&#46; Dos pacientes requirieron discontinuaci&#243;n por efectos adversos de roflumilast&#46; El m&#225;s frecuente fue la diarrea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2021&#44; Egeberg A et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Var&#243;n de 48 a&#241;os con psoriasis en placas tratado con roflumilast oral 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aclaramiento completo de las lesiones en la semana 24 de tratamiento&#46; Sin efectos adversos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Gyldenl&#248;ve M et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0715"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad a largo plazo del roflumilast oral en el paciente del estudio anterior<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0710"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A los 18 meses de tratamiento&#44; el paciente se mantuvo con PASI 0 y sin efectos adversos rese&#241;ables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Psoriasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2017&#44; Michels K et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0670"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reporte de caso cl&#237;nico de un var&#243;n de 59 a&#241;os con EPOC y psoriasis eritrod&#233;rmica tratado satisfactoriamente de ambas enfermedades con roflumilast oral 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mejor&#237;a de la psoriasis de forma casual tras tratamiento de su EPOC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hidradenitis supurativa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Ring et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0720"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la respuesta a roflumilast oral en un paciente con HS axilar severa y fallo a adalimumab e infliximab&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta adecuada&#44; con disminuci&#243;n en n&#250;mero de lesiones&#44; sin efectos adversos rese&#241;ables a los 3 mesesAsoci&#243; p&#233;rdida de peso de 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aftosis oral recurrente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Gyldenl&#248;ve et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0725"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Serie de casos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la respuesta a roflumilast oral en 2 pacientes con aftosis oral recurrente que no cumpl&#237;an los criterios de enfermedad de Beh&#231;et&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta completa de las lesiones de forma precoz &#40;2-3 semanas&#41; y mantenida a los 3 meses de inicio del tratamiento&#46; Buen perfil de seguridad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedad de Beh&#231;et&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Pe&#241;uelas et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0740"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta a roflumilast oral 250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a en un paciente con enfermedad de Beh&#231;et refractaria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta favorable al tratamiento con roflumilast y sin efectos adversos destacables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema numular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2022&#44; Gyldenl&#248;ve et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0730"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta a roflumilast oral 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;d&#237;a en una paciente de 69 a&#241;os con eccema numular refractario a corticoides t&#243;picos&#44; UVB&#44; metotrexato y azatioprina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta temprana precoz &#40;2 semanas&#41; y aclaramiento completo de las lesiones a los 3 meses de inicio del tratamiento&#46; Buen perfil de seguridad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Liquen plano erosivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2023&#44; Fage et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0735"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso cl&#237;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respuesta a roflumilast oral en una paciente con liquen plano erosivo oral refractario a corticoides t&#243;picos y orales&#44; metotrexato&#44; ciclosporina&#44; azatioprina&#44; apremilast y adalimumab&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pr&#225;ctica resoluci&#243;n de las lesiones a los 3 meses de inicio del tratamiento&#44; inicialmente concomitante con prednisona 7&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg en dosis descendente &#40;2&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg a los 3 meses de roflumilast&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis at&#243;pica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0685"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase IIa<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0100" href="ctgov:NCT01856764">NCT01856764</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eficacia y seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; placebo en dermatitis at&#243;pica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No se alcanzaron resultados superiores a placebo en el grupo con roflumilast&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis at&#243;pica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0690"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">136&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase IIa<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0105" href="ctgov:NCT04773587">NCT04773587</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;15&#37; vs&#46; roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;05&#37; placebo en dermatitis at&#243;pica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuci&#243;n del EASI de 6&#44;4 puntos en el grupo de roflumilast al 0&#44;15&#37;&#44; de 6 puntos en el grupo de roflumilast al 0&#44;05&#37; y de 4&#44;8 puntos en el grupo control&#44; sin resultar estad&#237;sticamente significativo&#46; Buen perfil de seguridad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema de manos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0745"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase IV en proceso de reclutamiento<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0110" href="ctgov:NCT05682859">NCT05682859</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast oral vs&#46; placebo en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Resultados pendientes de publicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema de manos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0695"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">230&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase IIa completado<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0115" href="ctgov:NCT04378569">NCT04378569</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;3 vs&#46; 0&#44;1&#37; y vs&#46; placebo en eccema cr&#243;nico de manos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Resultados pendientes de publicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ros&#225;cea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0700"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ensayo cl&#237;nico fase II completado pendiente de publicaci&#243;n de resultados <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0120" href="ctgov:NCT05278624">NCT05278624</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de roflumilast t&#243;pico al 0&#44;5&#37; vs&#46; placebo en ros&#225;cea papulopustulosa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Resultados pendientes de publicaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SAPHO&#58; sinovitis acn&#233; pustulosis hiperostosis oste&#237;tis&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Alopecia areata<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Alopecia frontal fibrosante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alopecia cicatricial central centr&#237;fuga<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis act&#237;nica cr&#243;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis de interfase liquenoide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0775"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis at&#243;pica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dermatitis seborreica recalcitrante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema cr&#243;nico de manos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Eccema numular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedad de Beh&#231;et<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Epiderm&#243;lisis ampollosa adquirida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedades perforantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Eritema anular centr&#237;fugo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Eritema multiforme recurrente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Eritema nudoso leproso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Estomatitis aftosa recurrente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Foliculitis decalvante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Granulomatosis orofacial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Hidradenitis supurativa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0765"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Ictiosis lamelar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Lesiones cut&#225;neas de dermatomiositis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">S&#237;ndrome de Sneddon-Wilkinson<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0755"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">P&#233;nfigo benigno familiar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0760"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">66</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#218;lceras orales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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ISSN: 00017310
Original language: Spanish
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