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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Medical history</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 36-years-old female patient&#44; previously healthy&#44; reported hyperpigmented lesions in the intermammary region&#44; armpits and face&#46; Denied any local symptoms&#46; Lesions had started five years ago and increased in extent over the years&#46; She also complained of facial comedones and visible pores&#44; without any previous treatment&#46; There was a family history of similar lesions &#8211; father and paternal grandmother&#46; She denied any systemic symptoms&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Physical examination</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On physical examination&#44; there were reticulated brown patches in the presternal area &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; and similar small plaques in the inguinal region and the armpits bilaterally&#46; Small slightly atrophic macules were visible on the dorsum of the hands&#46; On the face&#44; comedo-like lesions&#44; dilated pores&#44; and diffuse hyperpigmented plaques all over the face&#44; especially on the forehead &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; bilateral malar&#44; perioral and supramandibular regions&#46; She also presents pitted scars on the perioral region&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Histopathology</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology evaluation of lesions in the presternal area presented digitiform epithelial proliferation and corneal pseudocysts &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Additional tests</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laboratory tests showed no changes&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What is your diagnosis&#63;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dowling-Degos disease&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Clinical course and treatment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was counseled about the genetic nature of the disease&#59; daily use of a topical retinoid was prescribed initially&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Comment</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dowling-Degos disease &#40;DDD&#41; is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis&#44; with variable penetrance&#44; that presents a mutation in the KTR5 gene&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The first signs of the disease usually occur in the third or fourth decades of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> It is clinically characterized by follicular hyperpigmentation in flexor areas&#44; such as the neck armpit&#44; antecubital fossa&#44; submammary region&#44; and groin&#46; Pigmentation of the dorsum of the hands may be present when there is an overlap of clinical features of Kitamura&#39;s reticulate acropigmentation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Additional findings include pitted perioral scars in patients with no prior history of acne&#44; and hyperkeratotic comedo-like papules in the neck and armpits&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Some patients may report related pruritus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The disease is often associated with other dermatoses such as epidermal cysts&#44; keratoacanthomas&#44; hidradenitis suppurativa&#44; seborrheic keratoses&#44; which can be the main complaint in dermatological consultations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology shows moderate hyperkeratosis or orthokeratosis&#44; thinned suprapapillary epithelium&#44; elongation of the papillae with hyperpigmentation of the basal layer&#46; Filiform proliferations of the epidermis usually involve the follicle with a follicular plug&#46; A perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the papillary dermis and corneal pseudocysts can also be observed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermatoscopy of the hyperpigmented macules usually reveal a regular arrangement of brownish spots of variable size&#44; characterized by a coarse grid of brown lines on a diffuse&#44; light brown background&#46; Therefore&#44; these findings are not specific and are seen in many other conditions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DDD must be differentiated from acanthosis nigricans and Kitamura&#39;s reticulate acropigmentation&#46; In acanthosis nigricans&#44; the plaques have a velvet like rather than flattened or minimally lichenified texture&#44; and there are no pitted perioral scars or comedo-like lesions&#46; In Kitamura&#39;s reticulate acropigmentation there are reticulate&#44; slightly depressed&#44; pigmented acropigmentation macules on acral areas&#44; especially on the dorsum of the hands and feet&#59; palmar pits or breaks in epidermal ridge pattern&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment has unsatisfactory results in most cases&#46; Topical therapeutic options include retinoids&#44; hydroquinone&#44; corticosteroids and azelaic acid&#46; Treatment with Er&#58;YAG laser or isotretinoin is also described&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Case for Diagnosis
Hyperpigmented Verrucous Plaques in a Healthy Young Woman
Placas verrugosas hiperpigmentadas en uma joven sana
L. Mombach Motaa,
Corresponding author
laurambmota@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M.A. Matico Utsumi Okadaa, R. Hecka,b
a Sanitary Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, Health Department of Rio Grande do Sul State – SES/RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
b Dermatology Department, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Medical history</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 36-years-old female patient&#44; previously healthy&#44; reported hyperpigmented lesions in the intermammary region&#44; armpits and face&#46; Denied any local symptoms&#46; Lesions had started five years ago and increased in extent over the years&#46; She also complained of facial comedones and visible pores&#44; without any previous treatment&#46; There was a family history of similar lesions &#8211; father and paternal grandmother&#46; She denied any systemic symptoms&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Physical examination</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On physical examination&#44; there were reticulated brown patches in the presternal area &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; and similar small plaques in the inguinal region and the armpits bilaterally&#46; Small slightly atrophic macules were visible on the dorsum of the hands&#46; On the face&#44; comedo-like lesions&#44; dilated pores&#44; and diffuse hyperpigmented plaques all over the face&#44; especially on the forehead &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#44; bilateral malar&#44; perioral and supramandibular regions&#46; She also presents pitted scars on the perioral region&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Histopathology</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology evaluation of lesions in the presternal area presented digitiform epithelial proliferation and corneal pseudocysts &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Additional tests</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laboratory tests showed no changes&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What is your diagnosis&#63;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dowling-Degos disease&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Clinical course and treatment</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was counseled about the genetic nature of the disease&#59; daily use of a topical retinoid was prescribed initially&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Comment</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dowling-Degos disease &#40;DDD&#41; is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis&#44; with variable penetrance&#44; that presents a mutation in the KTR5 gene&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The first signs of the disease usually occur in the third or fourth decades of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> It is clinically characterized by follicular hyperpigmentation in flexor areas&#44; such as the neck armpit&#44; antecubital fossa&#44; submammary region&#44; and groin&#46; Pigmentation of the dorsum of the hands may be present when there is an overlap of clinical features of Kitamura&#39;s reticulate acropigmentation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Additional findings include pitted perioral scars in patients with no prior history of acne&#44; and hyperkeratotic comedo-like papules in the neck and armpits&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Some patients may report related pruritus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The disease is often associated with other dermatoses such as epidermal cysts&#44; keratoacanthomas&#44; hidradenitis suppurativa&#44; seborrheic keratoses&#44; which can be the main complaint in dermatological consultations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Histopathology shows moderate hyperkeratosis or orthokeratosis&#44; thinned suprapapillary epithelium&#44; elongation of the papillae with hyperpigmentation of the basal layer&#46; Filiform proliferations of the epidermis usually involve the follicle with a follicular plug&#46; A perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the papillary dermis and corneal pseudocysts can also be observed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dermatoscopy of the hyperpigmented macules usually reveal a regular arrangement of brownish spots of variable size&#44; characterized by a coarse grid of brown lines on a diffuse&#44; light brown background&#46; Therefore&#44; these findings are not specific and are seen in many other conditions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DDD must be differentiated from acanthosis nigricans and Kitamura&#39;s reticulate acropigmentation&#46; In acanthosis nigricans&#44; the plaques have a velvet like rather than flattened or minimally lichenified texture&#44; and there are no pitted perioral scars or comedo-like lesions&#46; In Kitamura&#39;s reticulate acropigmentation there are reticulate&#44; slightly depressed&#44; pigmented acropigmentation macules on acral areas&#44; especially on the dorsum of the hands and feet&#59; palmar pits or breaks in epidermal ridge pattern&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment has unsatisfactory results in most cases&#46; Topical therapeutic options include retinoids&#44; hydroquinone&#44; corticosteroids and azelaic acid&#46; Treatment with Er&#58;YAG laser or isotretinoin is also described&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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