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Case for Diagnosis
Linear Hyperkeratotic Papules in a Full Term Newborn
Pápulas hiperqueratóticas con disposición lineal en un recién nacido a término
B. Díez de los Ríos Quintaneroa,
Corresponding author
blancadiezdelosrios@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, S. del Pozo Arribasa, C. Martínez-Merab, L. Nájerac
a Neonatal Unit, Pediatrics Department, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
b Dermatology Department, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
c Pathology Department, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present a male newborn&#44; was the second of no-consanguineous healthy parents&#44; born from a full-term spontaneous delivery&#46; At birth&#44; he presented cutaneous lesions in a Blaschko-linear distribution&#46; The affection was extended in the right half of the body&#44; spreading into the trunk&#44; extremities and genitalia characterized by withish keratotic tiny papules&#44; and in soles and palms were forming hyperkeratotic plaques&#46; The mucose were normal &#40;shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A complete physical examination revealed no other abnormalities&#46; Skin biopsy showed acanthosis&#44; focal hyperparakeratosis filling follicular infundibula and acrosyringia&#44; and thin columns of parakeratosis emerging from the intraepidermal segments of the anexa &#40;shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; The lesions spontaneously improved in the first month&#44; remaining just the sole&#44; palm and arm&#46; A transfontanellar ultrasound was performed&#44; without abnormalities&#46; The patient continued with normal development and is followed by the dermatology and paediatrician department&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What is your diagnosis&#63;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Diagnosis</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus &#40;PAON&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comments</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of this newborn was a Porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus &#40;PAON&#41;&#46; Initially the physical examination with the characteristic distribution of the lesions following Blaschko lines gave us the diagnostic suspicion of this disease&#46; However until the results of the biopsy we did not have the definitive diagnosis&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PAON is a rare benign hamartomatous malformation&#44; usually with a Blaschkoid pattern&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is typically congenital&#44; but it is not always presented in the neonatal period and there are some cases of late-onset PAON&#46; Clinically&#44; PAON present two different types of lesions&#58; palmoplantar papules that present keratotic plugs with central pits&#44; and keratotic papules with a linear distribution in the rest of the body&#46; It is mostly unilateral but there are some cases described of bilateral affection<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; The exact pathogenesis is unclear but may be produced by a mutation in GJB2 gene&#44; which encoded the connexin 26&#44; a gap junctional protein that participates in keratinocyte growth and differentiation&#46; This mutation is associated with Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome&#44; considering PAON a mosaic form of this syndrome&#46; Its inheritance is autosomal dominant although it could express as a de novo mutation&#46; In some patients coexist problems like seizures&#44; hemiparesis&#44; hyperthyroidism&#44; polyneuropathy&#44; scoliosis&#44; deafness or development delay&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a> However&#44; the majority of PAON cases present as solitary lesions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The differential diagnosis includes linear porokeratosis&#44; inflammatory linear epidermal nevus&#44; incontinentia pigmenti&#44; Darier disease&#44; hypomelanosis of Ito and linear lichen striatus among others&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have to consider this entity in the Blaschkoid pattern of neonatal lesions and make the histopathology study to achieve the diagnosis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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