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Adem&#225;s&#44; el uso del Doppler permite valorar la vascularizaci&#243;n de la matriz y el lecho ungueal&#46; Esta t&#233;cnica se ha utilizado para la caracterizaci&#243;n de las alteraciones observadas en la psoriasis ungueal&#44; los tumores ungueales y periungueales&#44; y las alteraciones ungueales de las enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; infecciosas e inflamatorias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A continuaci&#243;n&#44; describimos los hallazgos ecogr&#225;ficos encontrados en un caso de acropaquia&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Caso cl&#237;nico</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un var&#243;n de 46 a&#241;os&#44; fumador&#44; acudi&#243; a la consulta para la evaluaci&#243;n de un eccema de manos de 2 semanas de evoluci&#243;n y una paroniquia secundaria a onicofagia&#46; En el examen f&#237;sico se observ&#243; una acropaquia &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#44; que el paciente refer&#237;a desde su infancia&#44; sin antecedentes familiares de alteraciones ungueales&#44; dolor o alteraciones mec&#225;nicas&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio ecogr&#225;fico de alta frecuencia del aparato ungueal con una sonda lineal de 10-22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MHz conectada a un equipo MyLab&#174; Class <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span> &#40;Esaote&#44; G&#233;nova&#41;&#46; Los hallazgos ecogr&#225;ficos en un corte longitudinal fueron&#58; un lecho ungueal engrosado&#44; con un di&#225;metro de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;las dimensiones en condiciones normales son de hasta 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#91;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2a</a>&#93;&#41;&#44; y un aumento de la vascularizaci&#243;n en todo el espesor del lecho ungueal&#46; La superficie &#243;sea de la falange distal no presentaba ninguna alteraci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>b&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comentarios</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La hip&#243;tesis fisiopatol&#243;gica de la acropaquia m&#225;s aceptada es la proliferaci&#243;n del tejido conectivo vascular producida por las plaquetas y los factores de crecimiento derivados de las plaquetas&#46; Para ello&#44; se asume que&#44; en las enfermedades pulmonares&#44; el megacariocito circular&#237;a de la sangre venosa a la arterial y luego se depositar&#237;a en las extremidades liberando factores de crecimiento como el derivado de las plaquetas&#46; Normalmente los megacariocitos no se fragmentan hasta que son atrapados en los capilares pulmonares&#44; motivo por el cual se relaciona con enfermedades pulmonares principalmente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5-7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico diferencial de la acropaquia desde el punto de vista cl&#237;nico-ecogr&#225;fico es la paquiperiostosis&#44; que cl&#237;nicamente presenta neoformaci&#243;n &#243;sea subperi&#243;stica asociada a dolor &#40;osteoartropat&#237;a hipertr&#243;fica&#41;&#44; poliartritis&#44;&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cutis verticis gyrata</span>&#44; paquidermia&#44; seborrea e hiperhidrosis&#44; entre otros hallazgos cl&#237;nicos&#44; caracter&#237;sticas que no estaban presentes en el caso cl&#237;nico descrito<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46; Y&#44; en la ecograf&#237;a&#44; se observa un tejido ecog&#233;nico que rodea los huesos largos&#44; reflejando la presencia de edema e inflamaci&#243;n&#46; El Doppler muestra una mayor vascularizaci&#243;n en la superficie de algunas estructuras &#243;seas superficiales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La ecograf&#237;a cut&#225;nea es un m&#233;todo econ&#243;mico&#44; de r&#225;pido acceso y no invasivo para explorar la anatom&#237;a del aparato ungueal&#46; Cabe destacar que&#44; en el caso de la acropaquia&#44; ayuda a distinguirla de una paquiperiostosis sin utilizar radiaci&#243;n ionizante y siempre en estos casos es necesario descartar enfermedad subyacente&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Es el primer caso en la literatura en el que se describen los hallazgos ecogr&#225;ficos observados en un paciente con acropaquia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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CARTA CIENTÍFICO-CLÍNICA
Ecografía de acropaquia digital
Digital Clubbing: Ultrasound Findings
C. Fernandez-Quirogaa,
Corresponding author
drafernandezquiroga@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, F. Alfageme-Roldánb, G. Roustan-Gullónb
a Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
b Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La acropaquia es el engrosamiento focal del tejido conectivo de la falange distal de los dedos&#44; tanto de las manos como de los pies&#44; especialmente prominente en su cara dorsal y frecuentemente bilateral&#46; Cl&#237;nicamente&#44; se observa que el &#225;ngulo entre el pliegue ungueal proximal y la l&#225;mina ungueal &#40;&#225;ngulo de Lovibond&#41; aumenta a m&#225;s de 180&#176; &#40;normal hasta 160&#176; &#91;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>a&#93;&#41;&#44; lo que constituye el signo de Schamroth&#46; Las causas m&#225;s frecuentes son enfermedades pulmonares &#40;75-80&#37; de los casos&#41;&#44; cardiacas &#40;10-15&#37;&#41;&#44; gastrointestinales &#40;5-10&#37;&#41; o tiroideas&#44; entre otras&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La ecograf&#237;a del aparato ungueal permite la valoraci&#243;n de la anatom&#237;a y sus estructuras gracias a sus diferentes ecogenicidades&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; el uso del Doppler permite valorar la vascularizaci&#243;n de la matriz y el lecho ungueal&#46; Esta t&#233;cnica se ha utilizado para la caracterizaci&#243;n de las alteraciones observadas en la psoriasis ungueal&#44; los tumores ungueales y periungueales&#44; y las alteraciones ungueales de las enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; infecciosas e inflamatorias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A continuaci&#243;n&#44; describimos los hallazgos ecogr&#225;ficos encontrados en un caso de acropaquia&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Caso cl&#237;nico</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un var&#243;n de 46 a&#241;os&#44; fumador&#44; acudi&#243; a la consulta para la evaluaci&#243;n de un eccema de manos de 2 semanas de evoluci&#243;n y una paroniquia secundaria a onicofagia&#46; En el examen f&#237;sico se observ&#243; una acropaquia &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#44; que el paciente refer&#237;a desde su infancia&#44; sin antecedentes familiares de alteraciones ungueales&#44; dolor o alteraciones mec&#225;nicas&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio ecogr&#225;fico de alta frecuencia del aparato ungueal con una sonda lineal de 10-22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MHz conectada a un equipo MyLab&#174; Class <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span> &#40;Esaote&#44; G&#233;nova&#41;&#46; Los hallazgos ecogr&#225;ficos en un corte longitudinal fueron&#58; un lecho ungueal engrosado&#44; con un di&#225;metro de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;las dimensiones en condiciones normales son de hasta 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#91;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2a</a>&#93;&#41;&#44; y un aumento de la vascularizaci&#243;n en todo el espesor del lecho ungueal&#46; La superficie &#243;sea de la falange distal no presentaba ninguna alteraci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">fig&#46; 2</a>b&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Comentarios</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La hip&#243;tesis fisiopatol&#243;gica de la acropaquia m&#225;s aceptada es la proliferaci&#243;n del tejido conectivo vascular producida por las plaquetas y los factores de crecimiento derivados de las plaquetas&#46; Para ello&#44; se asume que&#44; en las enfermedades pulmonares&#44; el megacariocito circular&#237;a de la sangre venosa a la arterial y luego se depositar&#237;a en las extremidades liberando factores de crecimiento como el derivado de las plaquetas&#46; Normalmente los megacariocitos no se fragmentan hasta que son atrapados en los capilares pulmonares&#44; motivo por el cual se relaciona con enfermedades pulmonares principalmente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5-7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico diferencial de la acropaquia desde el punto de vista cl&#237;nico-ecogr&#225;fico es la paquiperiostosis&#44; que cl&#237;nicamente presenta neoformaci&#243;n &#243;sea subperi&#243;stica asociada a dolor &#40;osteoartropat&#237;a hipertr&#243;fica&#41;&#44; poliartritis&#44;&#160;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cutis verticis gyrata</span>&#44; paquidermia&#44; seborrea e hiperhidrosis&#44; entre otros hallazgos cl&#237;nicos&#44; caracter&#237;sticas que no estaban presentes en el caso cl&#237;nico descrito<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46; Y&#44; en la ecograf&#237;a&#44; se observa un tejido ecog&#233;nico que rodea los huesos largos&#44; reflejando la presencia de edema e inflamaci&#243;n&#46; El Doppler muestra una mayor vascularizaci&#243;n en la superficie de algunas estructuras &#243;seas superficiales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La ecograf&#237;a cut&#225;nea es un m&#233;todo econ&#243;mico&#44; de r&#225;pido acceso y no invasivo para explorar la anatom&#237;a del aparato ungueal&#46; Cabe destacar que&#44; en el caso de la acropaquia&#44; ayuda a distinguirla de una paquiperiostosis sin utilizar radiaci&#243;n ionizante y siempre en estos casos es necesario descartar enfermedad subyacente&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Es el primer caso en la literatura en el que se describen los hallazgos ecogr&#225;ficos observados en un paciente con acropaquia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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ISSN: 00017310
Original language: Spanish
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