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Vol. 100. Issue 9.
Pages 767-779 (November 2009)
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Vol. 100. Issue 9.
Pages 767-779 (November 2009)
Practical dermatology
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Study and Treatment of Locally Advanced Melanoma
Melanoma Localmente Avanzado. Estudio y Tratamiento
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D. Moreno-Ramíreza,
Corresponding author
dmoreno@e-derma.org

Correspondence: Departamento de Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Avda. Dr. Fedriani s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
, L. de la Cruzb, L. Ferrándiza, F.M. Camachoa
a Departamento de Dermatología Médico-Quirúrgica y Venereología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
b Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract

Locally advanced melanoma is characterized clinically by the appearance of in-transit or satellite metastases, and is considered stage IIIB or IIIC according to the 2002 classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer. Despite the absence of distant metastases, the management of locally advanced melanoma is complicated and the disease is associated with a reduction in overall survival. The initial step in the approach to the patient with locally advanced melanoma involves restaging in order to exclude the presence of distant metastases. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography is currently accepted as the most accurate restaging technique. Surgical excision of the metastases continues to be the treatment of choice for locally advanced melanoma. In the case of unresectable metastases, hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with melphalan with or without tumor necrosis factor has achieved complete responses in up to 60% of patients treated, with very rare severe locoregional and systemic toxic effects. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biochemotherapy are options that, even though they have not been tested in patients with only in-transit metastases, may have a role in unresectable, locally advanced melanoma without distant metastases. In any case, therapeutic options for locally advanced melanoma should be individualized, and should take into consideration the availability of each of these techniques as well as the experience of the health care team.

Key words:
melanoma
locally advanced melanoma
in-transit metastasis
satellitosis
isolated limb perfusion
Resumen

El melanoma localmente avanzado representa un estadio clínico caracterizado principalmente por la presencia de metástasis en tránsito o satelitosis, estadios IIIB o IIIC de la clasificación American Joint Committee on Cancer de 2002, y que en ausencia de metástasis a distancia, representa un acortamiento en la supervivencia del paciente y un escenario clínico de manejo complejo.

La aproximación al paciente en este estadio debe iniciarse con una reestadificación que permita descartar la presencia de metástasis a distancia, para lo que se acepta como técnica con mayor validez la tomografía por emisión de positrones-tomografía computarizada. La exéresis quirúrgica de la/s metástasis continúa siendo considerada el tratamiento de primera elección en la enfermedad localmente avanzada.

En caso de metástasis irresecables la perfusión hipertérmica del miembro aislado con melfalán con o sin factor de necrosis tumoral, proporciona porcentajes de respuesta completa del 60%, con toxicidad sistémica y locorregional grave muy poco frecuente. La radioterapia, quimioterapia y bioquimioterapia son alternativas terapéuticas que, aunque no han sido estudiadas exclusivamente en el paciente con metástasis en tránsito, pueden tener un papel en la enfermedad localmente avanzada irresecable sin metástasis a distancia.

En cualquier caso, las opciones terapéuticas en el melanoma localmente avanzado clínico deben ser individualizadas para cada paciente y teniendo en cuenta la disponibilidad de cada una de las técnicas y la experiencia del equipo de profesionales con cada una de ellas.

Palabras clave:
melanoma
melanoma localmente avanzado
metástasis en tránsito
satelitosis
perfusión del miembro aislado
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